When thyroid surgery requires lymph node dissection, it is generally considered to be thyroid cancer with or without metastasis to regional lymph nodes. Thyroid surgery is generally used to treat thyroid nodules or thyroid tumors. Depending on the condition, the surgery will remove the thyroid tumor, some or all of the thyroid tissue, and the surrounding lymph nodes to varying degrees. Thyroid cancer is a malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, which is more prone to metastasis in the cervical lymph nodes. When the diagnosis of malignancy is confirmed after intraoperative fast-track examination of the thyroid tumor, the cervical lymph nodes are usually routinely cleared, which helps in the clinical staging, guides the treatment, and prevents the tumor from remaining in the lymph nodes. When thyroid cancer or lymph node metastasis is identified by cytocentesis in the preoperative ancillary examination as well as in the evaluation, regional lymph node clearance is also required. When thyroid disease occurs, it is recommended to seek timely medical treatment and standardize the treatment under the guidance of professional doctors.