In adults, syringomyelia can be caused by primary causes such as chronic inflammation or secondary causes such as tuberculosis or trauma. During embryonic life, the testis descends from the retroperitoneal lumbar paraspinal area to the scrotum, and the peritoneum covering the testis descends with it to form the syringomyelia, which partially closes with the abdominal cavity after birth. In adults, syringomyelia is usually caused by an imbalance between plasma secretion and absorption in the syringomyelia sac, and in a few cases, it is caused by congenital anomalies of syringomyelia closure. Primary syringomyelia in adults is most often associated with chronic trauma, inflammation, defects in the syringomyelia lymphatic system, and, to a lesser extent, congenital abnormalities of syringomyelia closure (i.e., congenital causes). Secondary syringomyelia is most often secondary to infections of the testicular sheath (including syphilis and tuberculosis), bleeding or oozing from injuries, tumors, scrotal surgery, and ascites that result in increased plasma in the sheath. In adults, if the amount of syringomyelia is small and asymptomatic, there is no need for surgery; if the amount of syringomyelia is large with obvious symptoms, then testicular syringomyelia can be removed and reversed. It is recommended that the patient should consult the doctor in case of discomfort, and follow the doctor’s instructions for further examination to clarify the cause of the disease, and actively treat the disease.