Not all patients with myelodysplastic syndromes are treated with chemotherapy; the decision needs to be based on the extent of the disease. Treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes includes general therapy, drug therapy, chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Due to the different conditions of patients and individual differences, it is necessary to choose the best treatment plan by combining the degree of the patient’s condition and evaluating his/her physical condition. 1. General treatment: i.e. symptomatic supportive treatment. Red blood cell transfusion for anemia, platelet transfusion for bleeding, and anti-infection treatment for infection can significantly relieve symptoms. 2. Drug therapy: commonly used drugs include immune agents and demethylating drugs, such as lenalidomide, cyclosporine, decitabine, etc., which can slow down the process of disease development. 3. Chemotherapy: chemotherapy or combination chemotherapy can be considered for high-risk group patients with good general condition, which can prolong the survival period and improve the quality of life, but the later stage needs to strengthen the supportive treatments such as blood transfusion, platelet transfusion, neutrophil stimulation and red lineage stimulation treatment. 4. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be considered for patients younger than 65 years of age in high-risk groups or patients with severe hematopoiesis who have failed other treatments, and it is the only clinical cure for the disease at present. If the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome is confirmed, it is recommended to go to the hospital in time for regular treatment.