A, knee osteoarthritis functional exercise methods 1, muscle training: the main exercise quadriceps, quadriceps exercise methods are mainly isometric training and isotonic training two. In general, in the early advocate the use of isometric training, it does not require joint activity and the method is simple, easy to implement, the effect is obvious, not only can make the muscle strength increase, and the joint range of motion is minimal, can avoid wear and tear on the knee joint. It is especially suitable for elderly patients, patients with weak quadriceps muscles or patients with significant joint swelling, effusion and pain. However, single isometric training has limitations in increasing muscle strength and improving muscle function, therefore, it is necessary to combine isotonic training, which can thicken muscle fibers and gradually hypertrophy atrophied muscles, so that muscle strength and endurance can be enhanced and restored, thus increasing joint stability and endurance and improving joint movement function. This training should vary from person to person, not to pursue the effect of training intensity is too large, pay attention to timely recuperation. Especially for the elderly and elderly women, the coexistence of osteoporosis may lead to aggravation of the condition under the higher intensity training. The following are three common exercise methods: (1) (quadriceps isotonic contraction training) straight leg raise exercise method: supine position, straight legs together and lift, keep the heel about 30cm from the bed, adhere to 15-30 seconds, put down a few seconds to rest, then lift, repeated training. (2) (quadriceps isometric contraction exercise) quadriceps static exercise: patient in supine position, knee straight, tense the quadriceps, while N fossa downward pressure on the bed, can be judged by whether the patella moves proximally, whether the muscle belly bulges or hardens to determine whether there is muscle contraction. Contract slowly at the beginning, contract completely with all your strength, hold for 9 s, relax for 1 s, and repeat the training. (3) Tiptoe exercise method: patient in upright position, ankle plantarflexion (tiptoe) exercise, both legs at the same time, to the degree of plantarflexion to the apex, plantarflexion process 5 seconds, relaxation process 5 seconds, a flexion and extension for a time, a total of 20 times. The above exercise once a day for 4 weeks. 2.Joint activity training: It refers to the functional exercise of knee flexion and extension without weight-bearing, which can enhance the muscle strength of quadriceps muscle, make the contracted adhesions pull apart, and reduce the friction in the joint, reduce the damage of cartilage in the activity, promote lymphatic and venous return, to help eliminate joint swelling, improve the nutrition of joint cartilage, delay the process of cartilage degeneration, and reduce the pain of knee joint. (1) Knee extension and flexion activities: The patient sits on the edge of the bed, places both knees next to the bed, then straightens the knee joint as much as possible, maintains the straight position, when there is a feeling of soreness and swelling, slowly flexes the knee joint, and repeatedly performs exercises. (2) Air bicycle exercise: lying flat on the bed, both lower limbs do slow air bicycle activity, 15 minutes a day. (3) Passive exercise: For patients who cannot actively exercise, some auxiliary equipment such as CPM (Continuous Passive Movement) machine and quadriceps training chair can be used to help the joints move and exercise to increase muscle strength. At the same time, it can also be combined with some physical therapy to enhance the effect. 4, aerobic exercise: osteoarthritis of the knee can lead to muscle atrophy, muscle strength and local muscle tolerance decreased, but also the aerobic metabolic capacity decreased. Proper aerobic exercise (such as: jogging, walking, swimming, Tai Chi, etc.) can not only improve cardiorespiratory circulation, effectively increase the oxygen demand, reduce fatigue and enhance immunity, improve the state of depression and anxiety, and some studies have shown that can significantly improve muscle function, improve muscle strength, which is very beneficial to the physical and mental health of patients with osteoarthritis. Brismee et al. found that 12 weeks of Tai Chi training can reduce knee pain and joint stiffness and improve physical function. Second, misconceptions about functional exercise It should be clearly pointed out that there are many patients who exercise in completely wrong ways, such as repeated knee squatting movements, repeated stair climbing, and doing twisting movements of grinding joints in the semi-bent knee position, which not only do not serve the purpose of exercising the joint, but also aggravate the damage to the knee joint and lead to more serious knee synovitis. This also reminds patients with osteoarthritis that they should avoid squatting, stair climbing, mountaineering and other exercise methods that increase the load on the knee joint in their daily lives to avoid wear and tear on the knee joint. Knowing which exercises in life are not suitable for patients with osteoarthritis is of great importance in preventing the aggravation of osteoarthritis. In short, patients should have a sense of self-protection and avoid any movement that increases the load on the joint as much as possible so as to prevent aggravation of osteoarthritis. It is important to follow the principles of gradual progress, moderate training and timely recuperation. It is also highly recommended that patients develop a reasonable individualized and comprehensive treatment plan under the guidance of a physician to avoid blind overtraining that may cause damage to the bone and joint, aggravate inflammation and pain, or exercise with insufficient intensity to achieve the treatment goal. In addition, it is recommended that the patient’s knee be moderately trained for prevention.