Nowadays, hypertension is generally treated by choosing antihypertensive drugs. There are currently six major categories of hypertension drugs, namely diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel antagonists (CCB), angiotensin inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin diagonal blockers (ARB), and others. (1) Diuretics: thiazides, tab diuretics and potassium-protective diuretics. The antihypertensive efficacy of various diuretics is similar, and the antihypertensive effect is mainly through drainage, reducing extracellular volume and lowering peripheral vascular resistance. The onset of antihypertensive effect is slow, the duration is relatively long and the effect is long-lasting, and the effect reaches its peak after 2-3 weeks of administration. It is suitable for mild and moderate hypertension, and has a strong hypotensive effect in salt-sensitive hypertension, combined with obesity or diabetes, menopausal women and hypertension in the elderly. The main adverse effects of diuretics are hypokalemic signs and effects on lipid, glucose, and blood uric acid metabolism, often occurring at high doses, so small doses are now recommended, and adverse effects are mainly weakness and increased urine output. It is contraindicated in patients with gout and is prohibited in renal insufficiency. (2) β-blockers: commonly used are metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, carveolol, labetalol. The antihypertensive effect may be through the inhibition of central and peripheral RAAS. antihypertensive effect is more rapid and powerful. It is suitable for various severity of hypertension, especially for middle-aged and young patients with fast heart rhythm or combined with angina pectoris, but relatively poor for hypertension in the elderly. beta-blocker treatment is mainly hampered by bradycardia and some adverse effects affecting quality of life, and sudden discontinuation of higher doses being treated with other 5 blockers can lead to withdrawal syndrome. Although diabetes is not a contraindication to the use of beta 1 blockers, it increases insulin resistance and may also mask and prolong the evidence of hypoglycemia during glucose-lowering therapy, and care should be taken when using them. Adverse effects mainly include bradycardia, weakness, and chills in the extremities. beta-blockers have inhibitory effects on myocardial contractility, mode conduction and sinus rhythm, and can increase airway resistance. They are contraindicated in patients with acute heart failure, bronchial asthma, sick sinus node syndrome, atrioventricular block and peripheral vascular disease. (3) Calcium channel blockers: also known as calcium antagonists, mainly nifedipine, verapamil and diltiazem, according to the duration of drug action, calcium channel blockers can be divided into short-acting and long-acting. Calcium antagonists are rarely contraindicated except in heart failure. The advantages over other antihypertensive drugs are better antihypertensive efficacy in elderly patients, high sodium intake does not affect antihypertensive efficacy; significant antihypertensive effect in patients with alcoholism; can be used in patients with combined diabetes, coronary artery disease or peripheral vascular disease; long-term treatment also has anti-atherogenic effect. The main disadvantage is that there is a reflex increase in sympathetic activity at the beginning of treatment, causing increased heart rate, facial flushing, headache and lower limb edema. (4) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: commonly used are captopril, enalapril, benazepril, and silapril. ACE inhibitors have the effect of improving insulin resistance and reducing urinary protein, and have relatively good efficacy in hypertensive patients with obesity, diabetes mellitus and damaged cardiac and renal target organs, especially in hypertensive patients with heart failure, post-myocardial infarction, reduced glucose tolerance or diabetic nephropathy. Adverse effects include irritating dry cough and angioedema. Contraindicated in hyperkalemia, pregnant women and patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis. (5) Angiotensin diagonal receptor inhibitors: commonly used are colesartan, the onset of antihypertensive effect is slow, but long-lasting and stable. The most important feature is that it has few adverse effects directly related to the drug, does not cause irritating dry cough, and has high compliance with continuous treatment. Although the treatment targets and contraindications are the same as those of ACEI, ARB has its own therapeutic characteristics and is listed with ACEI as one of the five major classes of commonly used antihypertensive drugs currently recommended. About 90% of hypertension is primary hypertension, which has no clear cause and may be related to genetic and lifestyle factors. Nearly 10% of hypertension has a definite cause, called secondary hypertension, and if the cause is resolved, blood pressure can return to normal without the need for antihypertensive drugs. The common causes are as follows: adrenal diseases: primary and secondary aldosteronism, Cushing’s syndrome, pheochromocytoma, etc.; renal vascular diseases: unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis or occlusion; renal diseases: acute and chronic renal failure due to various etiologies. In particular, early identification of the cause and treatment of adrenal and renal vascular diseases can lead to normalization of blood pressure. If you do not have a family history of hypertension, do not rush to take medication to control your blood pressure after you find it elevated. It is recommended that you visit the endocrinology and nephrology departments of the hospital to look for the possibility of secondary hypertension. Once the diagnosis is clear then determine the treatment plan.