Essential hypertension (EH) and its complications are becoming the number one cause of human health problems, and although a lot of human and material resources have been invested in treatment in various countries, the effectiveness of treatment is far from what people expected. In developed countries, less than 1/3 of EH patients receive effective blood pressure-lowering treatment, and even among these effectively treated EH patients, less than 1/3 of them can avoid EH-related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. The reasons for this result are related to the complexity of the causes of EH on the one hand, and the misunderstanding of our medical prevention and treatment system on the other. Worldwide, 1/4 of adults are EH patients, and this number is increasing by different percentages every year. WHO expects that the proportion of adults with EH will increase to 29% by 2025, i.e., there will be 1.56 billion patients worldwide; moreover, there is a serious asymmetry in this proportion between developed and developing countries, and with the development of urbanization in developing countries, there will be With urbanization in developing countries, 3/4 of EH patients will be concentrated in developing countries. The epidemiology of EH in China also shows a similar situation to the international one, and the current population of EH in China has exceeded 160 million people. How to do a good job in the prevention and treatment of EH has become an urgent issue. This paper uses evidence from clinical evidence-based medicine in recent years to clarify the importance of lifestyle control in the prevention and treatment of EH. Although EH is a polygenic disease, external factors such as the environment play an important role in the development of EH. Epidemiological studies have shown that excessive salt intake, excessive caloric intake, weight gain due to reduced physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, and excessive psychological stress are all important influencing factors in the development of EH. Among the above factors, weight gain has the most significant change in the status of the factors affecting blood pressure. The change in body size of black South Africans is the most typical example. With the progress of urbanization, the traditional low-sugar carbohydrate-based diet of black South Africans has been replaced by high-fat fast food, and with it, 58.5% of black women are overweight or obese; the incidence of EH has reached 24.4% in 1998; this example also illustrates the importance of the influence of external factors on blood pressure. The PREMIER clinical trial, published in JAMA in 2003, studied patients with Grade 1 EH or prehypertension. All subjects under observation were not treated with medication and initially had a mean blood pressure of 134/85 mmHg and were randomized to a lifestyle intervention group and a control group. After 6 months, patients in the lifestyle intervention group lost 4.9 kg of body weight, decreased urinary sodium excretion by 32 mmol/day compared to the control group, and reduced blood pressure by 3.7/1.7 mmHg. The above evidence suggests that a combination of lifestyle interventions can have an effect on blood pressure. Salt and blood pressure: A high-salt diet raises blood pressure. Reducing salt intake reduces the risk of EH in normal subjects and stabilizes blood pressure in EH patients, and reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A meta-analysis summarizing 28 salt restriction studies found that reducing daily salt intake from 150 mmol to 80 mmol reduced blood pressure by 5/3 mmHg; similar findings were obtained in patients with pure systolic EH, where moderate salt restriction reduced blood pressure by 10 mmHg in patients with pure systolic EH. The well-known DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-sodium The famous Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension-sodium study found that further salt restriction to 65 mmol per day, on top of a DASH diet rich in fruits and vegetables, could further reduce blood pressure by up to 7 mmHg. The results of the study, which was intended to compare the effects of salt replacement and normal salt on blood pressure, which has a high potassium chloride profile, were presented to a total of 608 patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease in rural northern China, who were randomly divided into a salt replacement group and a normal salt group, with similar baseline data and a baseline blood pressure of 159/93 mmHg in both groups, and observed for 12 months. The results showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure in the salt replacement group at 6, 9, and 12 months, with a maximum systolic blood pressure decrease of 5.4 mmHg at 12 months, and a gradual increase in the antihypertensive effect of salt replacement over time; its effect on diastolic blood pressure also showed a similar trend, but did not reach statistical significance. This study suggests that salt replacement therapy is a simple and inexpensive antihypertensive measure, and if the results of this study are validated in a larger population, the expansion of this program in developing countries such as China will be important for blood pressure control. Obesity and blood pressure: The relationship between obesity and blood pressure is clear, with obese people having six times the chance of developing EH compared to normal-sized people, a phenomenon that exists not only in middle-aged and elderly people, but also in young people whose risk of subsequent EH increases accordingly. Overall, for every 10 kg increase in body weight, systolic blood pressure can increase by 3 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by 2.3 mmHg. The NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) III conducted a more detailed study on the relationship between obesity and blood pressure and found that the body mass index in men.