Restrictive surgery reduces the volume of the stomach by creating a narrow channel between the fundus and the body of the stomach or by removing the greater curvature of the stomach, thereby limiting food intake and slowing the rate of food passage through the stomach, resulting in weight loss. Malabsorptive surgery does not restrict food intake, but leaves much of the jejunum open, reducing the absorption of calories and nutrients. The combined surgical approach is a procedure that restricts gastric volume and combines it with an intestinal bypass. There are three main types of minimally invasive surgical procedures used to treat obesity: 1) restrictive surgery; 2) malabsorptive surgery; and 3) a combination of the two. You can be a candidate for weight reduction surgery if you meet the following criteria: 1. simple obesity excluding endocrine disorders; 2. BMI ≥ 32 kg/m2 or BMI less than 32 kg/m2 but with comorbidities such as degenerative joint disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, sleep apnea, obesity-associated pulmonary hypertension with venous lymphatic obstruction of the lower extremities. 3.Age 16-65 years old; 4.Persons with poor efficacy or intolerance by non-surgical treatment; 5.No alcohol or drug dependence, no serious mental disorder, intellectual disorder; 6.Persons with no obvious related physical and mental diseases by psychological assessment; 7.Persons who clearly understand the surgery and are determined to improve their lifestyle through surgery; 8.Persons who are willing to accept regular medical follow-up and have good medical compliance.