As living conditions continue to improve, the number of people traveling outside is increasing, and travel activities from the plains into the highlands, or from low altitude to high altitude, such as climbing snow-capped mountains, are becoming more frequent. When summer comes, do you want to challenge these high altitudes or want to travel to highlands? It would be beneficial for you to have some health-related knowledge. Today, Xin Yi classroom has prepared health knowledge that you need to pay attention to when you go to high altitude areas. 1.What is altitude sickness? Altitude sickness, also known as altitude sickness, altitude sickness. It is the discomfort that occurs when the human body is exposed to low-pressure and low-oxygen environment after rapidly entering the plateau above 2500 meters above sea level, and is a common disease unique to plateau areas. Common symptoms include dizziness, headache, insomnia, loss of appetite, fatigue, and difficulty in breathing. Headache is the most common symptom, which is often a throbbing pain in the forehead and both temporal areas, and the pain is aggravated at night or when waking up in the morning. Increased pulmonary ventilation such as breathing through the mouth and light activity can reduce the headache. High altitude illnesses are divided into two categories: acute and chronic according to the urgency of onset, and then clinically typed according to the organ system prominently damaged by hypoxia. (1) Acute plateau reaction: When acute plateau reaction enters above 2500 meters above sea level, the symptoms are most obvious on the 1st to 2nd day, and then gradually decrease, mostly disappearing on the 6th to 7th day, but a few can persist. The main symptoms are headache, memory and thinking ability, insomnia and dreaminess. Deep breathing, increased frequency, tachycardia. Some patients have cyanosis and elevated blood pressure. (2) Chronic plateau reaction: acute plateau reaction lasts for more than 3 months and the symptoms still persist, there may be palpitations, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, indigestion, numbness of hands and feet, facial edema, sometimes arrhythmia or transient syncope. 2.Why will there be high altitude reaction? Why does high altitude cause lack of oxygen in the body? Because the air at high altitude is thin, the concentration of oxygen in the air is low, the partial pressure of oxygen is low, the higher the altitude, the thinner the air, the lower the partial pressure of oxygen, it is generally believed that entering above 2500 meters, it is possible to produce plateau hypoxia reaction. When a person enters a plateau from a plain or from a low altitude to a high altitude, the human body will make a rapid adjustment reaction to adapt to the environment in order to take in enough oxygen. The function of the whole body arteries is to supply blood and oxygen to the whole body organs, once the lack of blood and oxygen, the function of the organs will be affected, the heart and brain are no exception, lack of oxygen will cause cardiovascular diseases, and a person from the plains to the plateau area quickly, it may be the body to occur acute hypoxia process, from low altitude to high altitude areas, the causes of plateau reaction is more complex, each person’s reaction to the plateau environment is different. However, the root cause is lack of oxygen, and most of the acute plateau reactions are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular problems. 3.What should be done to prevent it? (1) Before entering the high mountain, we should carry out psychological and physical adaptation exercises, such as intermittent low oxygen stimulation and exercise in a low-pressure chamber, so that the body can have some degree of physiological adjustment to the hypoxic environment from the plain to the plateau. (2) At present, except for those who are particularly susceptible to hypoxia, it is believed that the most secure and safest way to prevent acute altitude illness is to go up the mountain in steps. It is recommended that those who first enter the high mountains should generally stay at 2500-3000m for 2-3 days if they need to enter a plateau above 4000m, and then the rate of ascent should not exceed 600-900m per day. 3）After arriving at the plateau, avoid drinking alcohol and sedative-hypnotics for the first two days, avoid heavy physical activities, and light activities can prompt the Xi suit. Avoid cold and antifreeze, pay attention to heat preservation, and advocate more high-carbohydrate diet. (4) Avoid smoking and alcohol and taking sedative-hypnotics, and ensure the supply of adequate fluids. The use of acetazolamide, dexamethasone, acamprosate, compound codonopsis and sulpiride before going to the mountain may be effective in preventing and reducing the symptoms of acute altitude sickness. (5) Drug prevention: Acetazolamide and hydroxyzine can effectively reduce sleep apnea in high altitude by promoting the process of “adaptation” of the body. Antipyretic and analgesic drugs such as aspirin and acetaminophen can prevent plateau headache. Dexamethasone can be more potent in preventing plateau-related diseases. 4.What people are not suitable to go to the plateau? (1) All kinds of organic heart disease, significant arrhythmia, hypertension level 3 (very high risk), all kinds of blood diseases, into 1 year brain hemorrhage, brain infarction disease patients. 2) chronic respiratory diseases, moderate or above obstructive pulmonary diseases, such as bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, emphysema, active tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis. 3) Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus; hysteria, epilepsy, schizophrenia. 4）People who are suffering from severe cold, upper respiratory tract infection, body temperature above 38℃ or body temperature below 38℃ but with obvious systemic and respiratory symptoms, should defer entering the plateau until they recover from the disease. (5) Those who have been diagnosed with plateau pulmonary edema, plateau cerebral edema, plateau hypertension with obvious increase in blood pressure, plateau heart disease and plateau erythrocytosis. (6) High-risk pregnant women. (7) High myopia or pathological myopia, as low oxygen can induce retinal detachment leading to blindness.