Minimally invasive spine techniques include: cervical spine disorders: posterior cervical spine endoscopic techniques for cervical disc herniation (nerve root type). Lumbar spine disorders: 1. Percutaneous endoscopic nucleus pulposus removal techniques under visualization (these are the latest techniques that have led to a significant increase in postoperative symptom relief and clinical efficiency, and have reduced many complications, making them truly minimally invasive procedures for the management of lumbar disc degeneration). § Transvertebral foraminal access. § Transvertebral interlaminar access. 2. blinded percutaneous nucleus pulposus techniques (these techniques are less efficient and currently tend to be eliminated). § Chemical lysis of the nucleus pulposus: CN § Percutaneous discectomy: PN § Automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy: APLD § Percutaneous laser vaporization of the nucleus pulposus disc decompression: PLDD § Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the nucleus pulposus 3, discoscopic technique (this technique is actually a small incision + mirror technique, the main disadvantage is that the field of view is unclear; the incision is about 20 mm). 4, percutaneous vertebral body posterior convexity forming technique. 5.Tube-assisted technique (including expandable tubing, non-expandable tubing). 6.Computer navigation-assisted technique. 7.Robotic application. 8.Percutaneous perforation local closure techniques: selective nerve root closure; sacroiliac joint closure; small joint injection and medial branch block; small joint denervation. 9.Percutaneous intervertebral discography technique. 10.Percutaneous spinal biopsy technique. 11.Small incision disc removal technique. 12.Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation technique. Except for the blind percutaneous myelomeningocele removal technique and discoscopy technique, all the above techniques have been carried out in the orthopedic department of Huaxi Hospital and are technically mature.