After a stroke, a healthy person is like a bird with broken wings and needs both mental and physical care to gradually recover, so what should we do as the loved ones who care about her (him) the most?
I. Care considerations
1. General principles: listening and comforting, changing positions regularly, preventing bed sores, preventing aspiration pneumonia, and assisting in the rehabilitation of speech and limbs.
2.When the patient’s consciousness, language and symptoms of the affected limb are found to be gradually aggravated, seek help from medical personnel in a timely manner.
3, for bedridden patients, frequent massage of all joints and muscles is a good way to prevent joint stiffness and muscle atrophy; once the condition is stable or allowed by the doctor, the earlier you start to move, the faster and better the recovery of limb function, and the lower the mortality rate.
4. To prevent deformity, the limbs of the paralyzed elderly should be fixed in the “functional position” with bandages, sandbags or pillows. The elbow should be 90° and the wrist should be palm forward (i.e., rotated forward position). The elderly are prone to foot drop, do not take the quilt directly on the back of the foot, it is best to use a bracket to hold up the quilt, and then a pillow under the foot, so that the ankle joint into 90 °.
5, prevention of bedsores is very important, the elderly paralyzed, turning inconvenience, often due to the protruding parts of the bones and the mattress pressure and necrotic skin ulcers, and therefore should be turned regularly. Generally, you should turn over once every two hours and use alcohol or talcum powder to gently massage the protruding parts of the bones after turning over to facilitate blood flow; use air cushions or foam pads on the protruding parts of the bones to reduce pressure. In addition, often scrub the skin of the elderly, and put some prickly heat powder in the folds, perineal area and buttocks to keep clean and dry.
6, dysphagia patient’s diet guidance: less crumbs, soft food is the main, bread, buns can be wrapped in juice to eat. If choking is obvious, drink as little water as possible and replace it with soup, juice or semi-liquid; elevate the head of the bed by 30-45o when eating; avoid aspiration pneumonia caused by accidental inhalation, and follow the doctor’s advice to keep the gastric tube in place if necessary.
7.If the paralyzed elderly are not used to urinate in the prone position and have difficulty in urination, use your hand to gently massage the lower abdomen or use a hot water bag on the lower abdomen, you will receive certain effect. If necessary, follow the doctor’s advice to keep the catheter in place; 8. For the elderly who are hemiplegic on the right side and have hearing impairment, persuade them to speak slowly, listen to the radio more often, and let their children and grandchildren talk to him/her more often to rebuild their language function. Of course, this process is slow and requires a lot of patience.
Take care of a patient who has had a stroke as if it were your own child. Most people who have had a stroke can recover significantly within a year if they receive active treatment, careful care and rehabilitation.
Second, the prevention of stroke diet and nutrition principles?
1.Variety of foods, mainly cereals.
2, eat more vegetables, fruits and potatoes.
3, often eat milk, beans and their products.
4.Eat appropriate amount of fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat regularly to ensure the intake of high quality protein and less fatty meat and meat and oil.
5, the amount of food and the appropriate body weight balance, to maintain the appropriate weight.
6, eat light and less salt meals, avoid fried high fat and high salt diet.
7. Patients who also suffer from diabetes, gout or liver and kidney diseases should refer to the hospital treatment diet.
Third, what should patients pay attention to?
1.Emotional stability, do less or do not do things that are likely to cause emotional excitement, such as playing cards, mahjong, watching intense sports broadcast, etc.
2.Eat a light and moderate diet, keep bowel movements smooth, quit smoking and limit alcohol.
3. Actively treat the primary diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, obesity, snoring, etc., follow up regularly at the clinic, listen to the doctor’s advice, take medication regularly, some drugs may need to be taken for a long time and monitor the efficacy and side effects, such as aspirin and statin lipid-lowering drugs, anticoagulation or antihypertensive and hypoglycemic drugs, please consult the neurologist and internist for details.
4, pay attention to seasonal changes: seasons and climate change can make hypertensive patients unstable, blood pressure fluctuations, triggering a stroke, so in climate change should pay attention to keep warm and prevent colds.
5. Don’t use your brain too much, be more careful when you go out to prevent falls; get up, tie your shoes with your head down and other daily actions should be slow, and bathing should not be too long.
4. The following phenomena are the precursors of stroke, come to hospital as soon as possible
1. Sudden onset of symptoms.
2. Loss or blurring of vision in one or both eyes.
3. Gaze to one side in both eyes.
4. Rotation of vision or impaired balance.
5.Numbness or crookedness of the corners of the mouth on one side of the face.
6.slurred speech or difficulty in understanding language.
7. weakness, clumsiness, heaviness or numbness of one limb (with or without the face).
8. severe headache or vomiting, which were previously rare.
9. the above symptoms with impaired consciousness or convulsions.
”Time is brain”, the earlier the clear diagnosis, the earlier the treatment, the better the treatment effect.