Renal cysts are usually referred to clinically as simple renal cysts. The causes of renal cysts are related to genetic and acquired factors. Simple renal cysts originate from a segment of dilated renal tubule (probably proximal tubule), and with the proliferation of epithelial cells, which accumulate glomerular filtrate or epithelial secretion, this segment of dilated renal tubule gradually differentiates and becomes independent into cysts with fluid accumulation.
Treatment of renal cysts includes watchful waiting, anhydrous ethanol puncture sclerotomy, and surgery.
1. Observe and wait. Observers with no conscious symptoms or imaging changes of compression and obstruction seldom need surgical intervention, and regular review is sufficient. Some severe patients require treatment by surgery.
2. Surgical intervention is generally required when patients present with pain or psychological stress, when there are compression obstruction imaging changes, and when there is secondary bleeding or suspicion of cancer.
(1) Anhydrous ethanol puncture sclerotomy is simple, less invasive, less painful, and has an effective rate of nearly 80% for cysts less than 8 cm. Complications of anhydrous ethanol puncture sclerotherapy include pain, fever, hematuria, and allergy. For some regional cysts, puncture may damage large blood vessels, intestinal tubes, liver, spleen and other neighboring organs, and should be considered carefully.
(2) Laparoscopic renal cyst decapitation and decompression, Laparoscopic renal cyst decapitation and decompression helps to reduce the recurrence rate. Complications of laparoscopic renal cyst decapitation and decompression include bleeding, infection, and subcutaneous emphysema.
If simple renal cysts are present, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital. Communicate fully with professional physicians, make a comprehensive assessment with personal wishes, and choose an appropriate treatment plan.