The human endocrine system is a functional system that includes various endocrine glands and endocrine tissues or cell masses such as thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, gonad, pituitary and pancreatic islets, which can play an important role in regulating many physiological activities and life phenomena such as metabolic processes, organ functions, growth and development, reproduction and aging by secreting a special substance called hormone. The common diseases mainly include excessive synthesis and secretion of hormones caused by the proliferation or tumor (cancer) of endocrine glands or tissues for various reasons, resulting in hyperfunction; or the destruction of endocrine glands and tissues for various reasons, resulting in hormone secretion disorder, deficiency or lack, resulting in endocrine function decrement; or the abnormal function of endocrine caused by congenital abnormal development; and the resulting various complications, etc.
Metabolic diseases are diseases caused by disorders in one of the intermediate metabolism (a series of chemical reactions in the process of synthesis and catabolism of nutrients in the body after entering the body). These include disorders of protein metabolism, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, water-electrolyte abnormalities, inorganic element metabolism and purine metabolism.
Endocrine (metabolic) diseases mainly include
I. Hypothalamic-pituitary disorders
1. Urogenital disorders
2. Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
3.Anorexia nervosa
4. Bulimia nervosa
5. Hypopituitarism
6.Pituitary tumor
7.Prolactinoma
8.Gigantism and acromegaly
9.Hollow bubble saddle syndrome
Thyroid diseases
1.Simple goiter
2. Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism)
3, hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism)
4.Thyroid nodules
5.Thyroiditis
6.Thyroid hormone insensitivity syndrome
C. Parathyroid diseases
1.Primary hyperparathyroidism
2.Secondary hyperparathyroidism
3. Hypoparathyroidism
Diabetes mellitus and various complications of diabetes mellitus: such as diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma, diabetic lactic acidosis, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic infection, diabetic heart disease, diabetic hypertension, diabetic cerebrovascular disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic foot gangrene, etc. As well as diabetic pregnancy, gestational diabetes, insulin insensitivity syndrome, secondary diabetes, etc.
V. Hypoglycemia
Sixth, adrenal gland diseases
1, hypoadrenocorticism (Addy’s disease)
2, cortisolism (Cushing’s disease, cushing syndrome)
3.Primary aldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
4.Secondary aldosteronism
5, pheochromocytoma
6.liddle syndrome
VII. Gonadal diseases
1.Premature sexual maturity
2, hypogonadism
4.Women’s menopause syndrome
5.Polycystic ovary syndrome
6.Gynecomastia
7, amenorrhea and amenorrhea – overflow breast syndrome
Eight, water and electrolyte metabolism disorders: such as water and sodium metabolism disorders, potassium metabolism disorders, magnesium metabolism disorders, calcium metabolism disorders
Nine, acid-base imbalance syndrome: such as renal tubular acidosis, Fanconi syndrome
Ten, protein and vitamin metabolism diseases
Eleven, obesity disease
XII, hyperlipidemia
XIII, hyperuricemia and gout
XIV, osteoporosis
XV, multiple endocrine gland tumor syndrome
Sixteen, autoimmune multiple endocrine gland syndrome