The common causes of low back pain are: lumbar muscle strain, lumbar spine osteophytes, lumbar disc prolapse, compression of the nerve roots of the lumbar spine, which can cause radioactive pain in the buttocks and thighs. In addition, women’s lumbar pain is partly caused by chronic pelvic inflammatory disease; furthermore, wearing high heels for a long time causes the body’s center of gravity to shift forward, disrupting the body’s original balance, bringing greater pressure on the lumbar spine and even risking lumbar strain, causing strain on the lumbar muscles and resulting in lumbar pain. For middle-aged and elderly people, lumbar disc prolapse is the main cause of lumbago. Low back pain prevention: maintain good posture: good posture good posture posture can make the body present a natural and comfortable state, when standing, walking, try to wear less high heels, keep the body’s natural comfort, reduce the pressure on the waist, as well as the stiffness of the body muscles due to long periods of immobility. Moderate exercise: can soothe stiff muscles, but also to increase the waist strength training, to improve the ability of the waist to withstand, to reduce the occurrence of lumbar injuries. Reduce bending: do not bend when lifting heavy objects, should first squat down to get the weight, and then slowly get up, try to do not bend, otherwise not only will not achieve the desired purpose, but also cause disc protrusion. Calcium and vitamin supplementation: in daily life can eat more milk and other foods that contain high calcium, vitamins are necessary to promote the absorption of nutrients in the body, so vitamins are also in the usual need to pay attention to supplementation, through the regulation of diet, can have effective prevention of symptoms of lumbar pain. The lumbar disc prolapse and lumbar muscle strain, disc aging is related to the same posture for a long time, the muscle has been in a tense and straight state, coupled with the aging of the intervertebral disc with age, the rupture of the fibrous ring will lead to disc prolapse. In addition, the lumbar spine bone compensatory hyperplasia, ligament calcification, etc., which will compress some surrounding nerves, blood vessels to produce related symptoms. Most commonly seen in the 4th-5th lumbar spine and lumbar 5 sacral 1 disc prolapse. Most lumbar disc prolapse can be treated clinically by conservative treatment. Acupuncture, massage and radiofrequency physiotherapy can be used; if the pain is severe, it is necessary to take painkillers and seek medical attention promptly. Pay attention to keeping warm and do not work with excessive bending. Sleep on a hard bed with a soft cushion, the lumbar spine has a physiological curvature, you can put a small pillow on the waist, so that the lumbar muscle can be relaxed. In addition, through traditional Chinese medicine, improve local blood circulation, increase the blood supply to the spinal cord and nerves under pressure, and delay the calcification of the ligaments around the intervertebral disc, which can also significantly relieve the pain symptoms. However, if the patient has developed symptoms such as incontinence, persistent numbness around the anus and both lower limbs or single lower limb, intermittent claudication, etc.; or if the MRI examination indicates that the central type of giant disc protrusion or disc has ruptured and compressed the spinal cord, spinal edema, spinal stenosis or nerve root canal stenosis; or if the condition has further deteriorated after more than six months of conservative treatment and recurrent attacks affect the patient’s normal work, surgery is required. Treatment. For simple disc prolapse, endoscopic microdiscectomy of the nucleus pulposus can be used, with little damage, and the patient can get out of bed the next day after surgery. In cases with vertebral instability, slippage or multi-stage disc prolapse, posterior laminar decompression and open decompression are still required, or anterior transabdominal discectomy, which is more traumatic and requires postoperative nailing, artificial disc placement and spreader fixation.