The incidence of gynecological tumors is increasing year by year, and the trend of youthfulness is obvious day by day. Knowing and mastering the necessary knowledge of gynecological tumors will make us farther and farther away from tumors. Cervical cancer a. Incidence rate: the second place of female tumors. b. Early detection: regular examination; bleeding during sexual intercourse. c.High-risk groups: having sex before 18 years old; early childbirth; multiple sexual partners; multiple pregnancies and multiple births; smoking; low social and economic status; poor nutrition; sexual confusion of spouses, etc. HPV infection is necessary for the occurrence of cervical cancer. d.Malignant degree: ★★★★ e.Treatment: Surgery is preferred, together with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. f. Prognosis: Although cervical cancer is dangerous, it takes 5 to 10 years from early stage to cancer. The cure rate of cervical cancer can reach 80% to 90% for stage I, 60% to 70% for stage II, 40% to 50% for stage III, but only 10% for stage IV. g. Prevention methods: It can be prevented through lifestyle changes, avoidance of high-risk causative factors, and early treatment of cervical disorders. Endometrial cancer (uterine body cancer) a. Incidence rate: 7~8/100,000, with an increasing trend. b. Early detection: easy. c. High-risk groups: elderly women with postmenopausal bleeding, regardless of the cause, should undergo routine scraping for pathological examination; women of childbearing age with irregular vaginal bleeding such as functional uterine bleeding for which treatment is ineffective; women who have taken oral contraceptives for a long time, those who have never given birth and those with endocrine disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome. There are interactions with hypertension, diabetes and obesity. d. Malignancy: ★★★★★ e. Treatment: Surgery is preferred, radiotherapy as appropriate, endocrine with a large amount of progestin against estrogen to control recurrence and metastasis, generally to take more than 2 years. Overseas, endocrine therapy alone has been reported for young female endometrial cancer patients with fertility needs. f. Prognosis: 80% of patients can be cured g. Prevention methods: None, but can reduce high-risk factors, such as estrogen abuse. Ovarian cancer a. Incidence: 2/100,000 in the age group of 20 and 55/100,000 in the age group of 70. b. Early detection: difficult and usually late when detected. CA125, ultrasonography and color Doppler flow imaging can substantially improve the detection rate of early ovarian cancer. When ovarian cysts are larger than 5 cm, they must be reviewed after 1~2 menstrual cycles. c. High-risk groups: older women after menopause; long-term use of ovulation-promoting drugs; those with ovarian, breast or colon cancer in the family. d.Treatment: chemotherapy (abdominal and systemic), surgery, targeted therapy, biologic therapy, and currently there is an ovarian cancer vaccine under research. e. Malignancy: ★★★★★ f. Prognosis: poor g. Prevention: none Attachment: Common symptoms of ovarian cancer Most of them are asymptomatic in early stage and are occasionally detected during gynecological examination. Abdominal distension, lower abdominal discomfort, abdominal mass, abdominal pain, compression of pelvic and abdominal organs with associated pressure symptoms, ascites, irregular vaginal bleeding or irregular menstruation, postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, etc. Vulvar cancer a. Incidence: about 2% to 5% of female genital cancers b. Early detection: vulvar leukoplakia, chronic ulcers, mossy lesions, etc., with vulvar pain or itching c. High-risk group: middle-aged and elderly women d. Malignancy: ★★★★☆ e. Treatment: surgery + radiation Vaginal cancer a. Incidence: rare b. Early detection: annual gynecological examination. Symptoms include increased leucorrhea, watery or bloody discharge with foul odor; irregular vaginal bleeding, painful intercourse or bleeding after intercourse and postmenopausal bleeding; intravaginal masses, etc. c. High-risk group: elderly women d. Malignancy: ★★★★☆ e. Treatment: difficult to treat due to rich vaginal blood flow. Surgery is the main treatment and radiotherapy as appropriate. Fallopian tube cancer, peritoneal cancer a. Incidence: rare b. Early detection: same as ovarian cancer, attention should be paid to differential diagnosis c. High-risk group: women aged 40-60, menopausal women d. Malignancy: ★★★★☆ e. Treatment: surgery + chemotherapy Gestational trophoblastic tumors a. Incidence: rare b. Early detection: mostly related to pregnancy, often occurring after miscarriage or pregnancy, staphyloma is benign, erosive gravida, choriocarcinoma (referred to as choriocarcinoma) are malignant. c. High-risk group: women of childbearing age d. Malignancy: erosive gravida ★★★★, choriocarcinoma ★★★★ e. Treatment: scraping of benign staphyloma, other chemotherapy-based. The prognosis is mostly poor when metastasis occurs.