The testes have two main functions, namely the production of sperm by the testicular varicocele and the secretion of the androgen testosterone by the testicular mesenchymal cells. Varicocele dysfunction leads to impaired sperm production or inability to produce, resulting in semen examination showing oligospermia, weak spermia, aberrant spermatozoa or even azoospermia, which can directly affect male fertility. Testicular interstitial cell dysfunction causes testosterone production or secretion disorders, and a series of symptoms and signs of low serum testosterone levels will appear, clinically manifested as high gonadotropin levels and low testosterone levels, accompanied by poorer sexual development, smaller external genitalia, inconspicuous secondary sexual characteristics, and sexual dysfunction and spermatogenic dysfunction and sperm maturation disorders caused by low androgens, resulting in a decrease in sperm quality, which is also a direct cause of infertility. However, due to the different factors causing testicular dysfunction and the different duration of the pathogenic effect, these two clinical manifestations are not completely consistent. From the endocrine point of view, testicular function is directly regulated and controlled by the subthalamic-pituitary-gonadal (testicular) axis. If the causative factor acts directly on the testes of this axis and causes testicular dysfunction, it is called primary (or idiopathic) testicular dysfunction, and hormonal measurements show an increase in FSH and/or LH, thus it is called hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; whereas if the causative factor acts on the hypothalamus or pituitary gland of this axis and causes a decrease in gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary gland, thus causing testicular dysfunction, it is called Secondary testicular dysfunction is also referred to as hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, as hormone measurements show a decrease in FSH and/or LH. Most of the testicular dysfunctions encountered clinically are primary, and the causative factors of these patients are often unknown and only abnormal sperm quality is present in semen examination, so these cases can only be classified as primary testicular dysfunction. Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) are often used to achieve satisfactory results.