Atrial and ventricular septal defect is a very common congenital heart disease in clinical practice. In the past, the treatment was mainly based on surgical repair and medical occlusion, but in recent years, with the development of minimally invasive surgery, it has the advantages of less trauma, less scarring, faster recovery, shorter operation time and no extracorporeal circulation device compared with traditional surgical methods. Compared with the catheter interventional method, only cardiac ultrasound monitoring is required, which can make patients with congenital heart disease avoid X-ray irradiation and has wider indications, and is not limited by the age and weight of patients with congenital heart disease. Moreover, long-term observation shows that the incidence of postoperative residual shunts after transthoracic mini-incision surgery is low, safe and reliable, and it is a new minimally invasive cardiac surgery technique worth promoting.