It is said that diabetes is a “disease of affluence” and a “modern disease”. But we must clarify that diabetes is actually a very old disease. The first use of the term “diabetes” dates back to 250 BC. The treatment of diabetes has also been around for centuries. For this long time, we have been fighting diabetes with traditional medicines. As medical technology continues to evolve, many clinical treatments for diabetes have emerged, so today we’ll talk about the latest advances in diabetes treatment. First of all, we all know that drugs are still the main means of treating diabetes in the clinic. Some of the first-line drugs include oral hypoglycemia: such as those containing insulin pro-secretors (such as glipizide, glibenclamide and other glargine drugs), biguanides (such as metformin) and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (such as acarbose and voglibose), which can stimulate pancreatic islet cells to produce insulin and increase their own insulin levels to play a hypoglycemic role. Nowadays, in addition to biguanides, insulin promoters and α-glucosidase inhibitors, there are two new drugs: the first one is to control blood glucose by increasing urinary sugar excretion, and the second one is to control blood glucose by insulin pump. The insulin pump can continuously administer basal insulin 24 hours a day to control blood glucose that is not related to meals, ensuring that the amount of insulin injected is precise, safe and effective. Diabetes can be treated not only by medical drugs and insulin injections, but now also by surgery. Many diabetic patients are also obese, especially type 2 diabetes. Therefore, through bariatric surgery we can easily lower blood sugar and control it to a normal level. Bariatric surgery generally includes gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and sleeve gastrectomy + jejunostomy. Gastric bypass surgery is the “gold standard” procedure for weight loss and diabetes, with the best risk-benefit ratio, and is suitable for all obesity and type 2 diabetes. The main mechanisms of diabetes surgery include the following four points: 1. Reduce food intake and absorption, thus reducing energy intake and glucose metabolic load. 2. 2.Reducing the patient’s weight and reducing insulin resistance due to fat accumulation of simple obesity. 3.The gastrointestinal tract reconstruction changes the secretion of hormones in the intestine-islet axis, thus improving glucose metabolism. 4.Changing the intestinal flora and directly lowering blood sugar. Diabetes itself is not terrible, as long as we adjust our mindset, actively face it and choose the most appropriate treatment, we can overcome it.