Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways involving a variety of inflammatory and structural cells (e.g., eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, airway epithelial cells, etc.) and cellular components. There are about 160 million asthma patients worldwide, with a prevalence of 1% to 13%. In China, there are about 30 million patients with a prevalence of 1%-4%; children are more likely to have asthma than young adults, urban than rural areas, developed than developing countries, and 40% have a family history. Patients with asthma typically present with episodes of expiratory dyspnea with croup or episodes of chest tightness and cough. Severe patients may present with forced sitting or sitting breathing, dry cough or large amounts of white foamy sputum, or even cyanosis. Some patients have cough as the only symptom, which is called cough variant asthma. The key to the treatment of asthma is regular treatment under the guidance of a specialist. Asthma treatment drugs are mainly divided into two categories: one is to relieve asthma attacks (bronchodilators), including β2 agonists, anticholinergics, theophyllines, etc.; the other is to control asthma attacks (anti-inflammatory drugs), including glucocorticoids, leukotriene (LT) modulators, sodium cromoglycate and nidulic acid sodium, etc. We often encounter the following misconceptions in the treatment process of patients with asthma. Myth 1: Use only bronchodilators as long-term maintenance therapy for asthma. When people choose drugs, because bronchodilators can rapidly improve patients’ symptoms, patients are willing to use such drugs, while the therapeutic effect of anti-inflammatory drugs is not as fast as that of bronchodilators, and many patients think that the therapeutic effect is not good and do not want to use them, which is actually a wrong choice. The essence of asthma is inflammation, so the most important treatment for asthma is the use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Myth 2: Anti-infection treatment is treated as anti-inflammatory treatment. Anti-inflammation and what we people call anti-infection are two different concepts; anti-infection treatment refers to the use of anti-microbial drugs to target certain specific pathogens in order to clear them and cure infectious diseases. In contrast, the inflammation of asthma is a non-specific inflammation and glucocorticoids are by far the strongest anti-inflammatory drugs. Anti-infective treatment is only needed if the patient’s acute asthma attack is due to an infection. Myth 3. Worrying about the side effects of glucocorticosteroids makes them reluctant to use any dosage form of glucocorticosteroids. Many patients refuse to use any form of glucocorticosteroids because they are afraid of the side effects of systemic glucocorticosteroids. Indeed, a series of side effects can occur when glucocorticosteroids are used systemically for a long time, such as full-moon face, buffalo back, decreased resistance, high blood pressure and other side effects, which is why we do not allow long-term systemic use of glucocorticosteroids for asthma treatment now. Myth 4: Listen to small advertisements and take outsourced powder medicine for a long time. Many patients feel that the treatment of asthma is not effective because they have been suffering from the disease for many years without standardized diagnosis and treatment, and they are in a hurry to seek medical help. They believe in some newspaper or TV advertisements and buy some so-called Chinese medicines, mostly powder-like drugs. After the first dose, the asthma symptoms do improve to a great extent, so the patient uses the powdered medicine for a long time, and the final result is that the asthma control becomes more and more unsatisfactory, and the acute attack is very serious, the treatment effect is very bad, and a series of side effects of glucocorticoid drugs will appear, because most of these powdered medicines are mixed with glucocorticoid hormones.