High density nodules visible in lumbar spine may be bone islands, abnormal calcification or ossification, bone metastatic tumors, etc. 1. Bone island: Bone island, also known as bone spot, is a bony nodule in cancellous bone, which is caused by the abnormal development of bone, and the X-ray shows round or oval sclerotic shadow in the medullary cavity, which usually needs no treatment. 2. Abnormal calcification or ossification: the vertebral body can be damaged due to various reasons such as repair after local injury, inflammatory stimulation, infectious stimulation, etc. Abnormal calcification or ossification occurs due to the abnormal metabolism of local bone in the process of repair. Generally, no treatment is needed and regular observation is enough. 3. Bone metastatic tumor: metastatic malignant tumor of lumbar vertebrae can be manifested as high-density nodules in lumbar vertebral body or vertebral arch. It is usually accompanied by pain symptoms. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are needed to dispose of the primary tumor foci and lumbar metastatic foci. Patients should go to the hospital in time, ask the doctor to clarify the cause of the disease, and carry out appropriate treatment if necessary.