Pregnancy requires both spouses to be screened for thalassemia, and couples who are both carriers of the same type of thalassemia gene have an increased risk of having a thalassemia major offspring. Screening for thalassemia is recommended during pregnancy or early in the pregnancy, especially if both or one of the spouses is from a high-risk area or ethnicity. Routine blood test is the simplest and most basic test for thalassemia. If the screen is positive, further screening is needed to make an initial determination of whether the person is a carrier of thalassemia based on the results of hemoglobin electrophoresis or hemoglobin high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia caused by defects in the bead protein gene. If the screening test is positive, one should consult the genetic counseling clinic in time and get pregnant under the guidance of a professional doctor in order to avoid giving birth to a child with thalassemia major. It is recommended that couples during the preparation for pregnancy go to the hospital for a pre-pregnancy eugenics health checkup to assess whether the body is suitable for pregnancy; quit smoking and drinking, develop good habits, and don’t stay up late. Moderate exercise to maintain physical health, to avoid prolonged exposure to radiation or pollution in the environment, to get rid of toxic and harmful work environment; maintain a happy mood; avoid heavy physical labor.