A pair of paramedian ducts develop as the fallopian tubes, uterine body, cervix and upper part of the vagina, and the urogenital sinuses develop to form the lower part of the vagina and external genitalia. Vaginal atresia is due to the developmental disorder of bilateral fusion of the paramedian ducts, which is mostly accompanied by cervical atresia, where the endometrium can have normal secretory function, while cervical atresia is due to defects in the developmental process of vertical or lateral fusion and resorption of the paramedian ducts, which are closely related. To solve the problem of cervical atresia treatment, it is necessary to clarify the malformed features of vaginal atresia and its relationship with cervical atresia. In 2002, Peking Union Medical College Hospital classified congenital vaginal atresia into two types: Type I: vaginal atresia in the lower part of the vagina with normal development of the upper part of the vagina and uterus; Type II: vaginal atresia in combination with cervical atresia, with normal or malformed development of the uterine body and normal endometrial secretion. In clinical work, cases of superior vaginal atresia and apical vaginal atresia have been found, which are untyped cases of vaginal atresia. Based on the study of these new cases, we added to the above typology (type III vaginal atresia is superior vaginal atresia; type IV vaginal atresia is apical vaginal atresia) and further clarified the relationship between cervical atresia and vaginal atresia: vaginal atresia is combined with cervical atresia; vaginal atresia is combined with cervical atresia except for type I vaginal atresia and apical vaginal atresia, which are combined with primordial uterus. In vaginal atresia, except for type I vaginal atresia and apical vaginal atresia with primordial uterus, all of them are combined with cervical atresia. Among the cases identified so far: type II vaginal atresia, combined with each type of cervical atresia; type III vaginal atresia, combined with type III cervical atresia; type IV vaginal atresia, combined with type I and IV cervical atresia or combined with primordial uterus. In cases of combined cervical atresia II, III, and III, the decision of uterus removal and timing of vaginoplasty can be made based on the fractal diagnosis of cervical atresia.