Valium tablets, or diazepam tablets, are a benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug commonly used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, convulsions, epilepsy, reflex muscle spasms and other disorders, with side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. 1. Anxiety: the anxiolytic effect of diazepam tablets is realized through the action on the benzodiazepine receptors in the limbic system, and it has significant efficacy on anxiety caused by various reasons. 2. Insomnia: Diazepam tablets have the effect of treating insomnia, can significantly shorten the time to fall asleep, significantly prolong the duration of sleep, reduce the number of awakenings. 3. Convulsions, epilepsy: Diazepam tablets stimulate GABA receptors in the upward reticular activation system and play a central nervous system inhibition, which can play an anticonvulsant and antiepileptic role. 4. Reflex muscle spasm: diazepam tablets inhibit spinal polysynaptic efferent pathway and monosynaptic efferent pathway, which can play a muscle relaxation effect, and also has a better therapeutic effect on reflex muscle spasm. Common side effects of diazepam tablets include drowsiness, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as dizziness and fatigue, and ataxia and tremor in high doses. Rare side effects include rash and leukopenia. Long-term use can lead to dependence and addiction, and withdrawal symptoms of agitation or depression may occur when the drug is discontinued. Diazepam may have teratogenic effects and is contraindicated in pregnant women and neonates. It is important to note that Diazepam tablets are prescription medications and need to be taken under a doctor’s supervision to avoid self-medication.