If kidney stones enter the ureter, it is best for the patient if they can be discharged from the ureter on their own, but they often obstruct the ureter and cause hydronephrosis because they cannot continue to travel down the ureter, and then kidney function is impaired. There are four ways to treat ureteral stones: First, spontaneous stone removal, for smaller stones (less than 5mm in diameter), you can promote stone removal by drinking more water and exercising more, generally after a period of time, most small stones can be spontaneously discharged, if the stone is too large, the width of the stone is larger than the ureteral internal diameter, the use of drugs to remove the stone is not suitable, the stone can not pass through the ureter; Second, extracorporeal shock wave For stones larger than 6mm in diameter, they cannot be discharged on their own because their diameter is larger than the internal diameter of the ureter, so extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is often needed to break the large stones into smaller ones, which can be discharged one by one by using the urine stream. However, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has its own contraindications, such as bleeding in patients with abnormal blood clotting mechanism, and cardiac arrhythmias that may be aggravated by extracorporeal lithotripsy. In addition, repeated extracorporeal lithotripsy can lead to ureteral stenosis or renal atrophy, so you must be cautious. Therefore, if you have more than 2 times of extracorporeal lithotripsy and the stone still cannot be broken, it is not suitable for extracorporeal lithotripsy. However, because ureteroscopy is performed inside the ureter, it may cause ureteral injury and should be performed with caution. Fourth, percutaneous nephrological surgery is only suitable for large stones (>2 cm in diameter) in the pelvic ureteral junction or the upper ureter, which are either ineffective or inefficient with other methods. Percutaneous nephrolithoscopy requires an eye in the kidney and involves some renal damage. Therefore, the indications are not as broad as for ureteroscopy.