Tympanoplasty, the scientific name for tympanic membrane repair surgery, is a procedure that restores the integrity of the tympanic membrane and improves hearing by repairing perforations in the tympanic membrane through tissue grafting techniques. Since 1950, with the application of the operating microscope, the improvement of transplantation techniques and the introduction of new antibiotics, tympanic membrane repair surgery has gradually matured and the success rate of tympanic membrane perforation repair surgery has increased to over 93%. 1.Why repair tympanic membrane: After tympanic membrane perforation, besides causing recurrent otitis media via the eustachian tube route, it also increases the chance of infection via the external ear canal. Repeated episodes of otitis media can cause different degrees of deafness due to the constant damage to hearing by inflammation and bacterial toxins; some patients may also develop cholesteatoma, which can cause serious intracranial and extracranial complications. 2. The significance of tympanic membrane repair surgery: the first is to block the chance of recurrent otitis media attacks caused by the tympanic membrane pathway through the external ear canal, effectively preventing the recurrence of otitis media caused by water in the external ear canal, which can protect hearing; the second is to improve hearing. At present, the success rate is high. 3. When to operate: If the tympanic membrane is perforated due to chronic purulent otitis media, it is necessary to operate when the middle ear inflammation is in the quiescent stage, that is, when there is no secretion in the external auditory canal and tympanic chamber, when there is no painful pus flow, and when there is no large squamous epithelial hyperplasia on the surface of the tympanic membrane; when there is no nasal congestion and runny nose, and when the function of the eustachian tube is normal. I. Indications for surgery: 1. Tympanic membrane tension perforation, no infectious inflammation for more than one month, and no discharge in the middle ear. 2. Normal color of the tympanic membrane and no extensive squamous epithelial hyperplasia; 3. Hearing test suggesting that the auditory chain is intact with good activity; 4. Normal function of the eustachian tube; 5. CT examination suggesting that the tympanic chamber and mastoid process are normal. The cost varies from hospital to hospital. At the same time, the hair should be shaved and the graft should be cut in the scalp. 2. Endoscopic tympanic membrane repair surgery can be done without hospitalization and within half an hour to one hour, and the cost of surgery varies from hospital to hospital. Endoscopic tympanic membrane repair surgery is the newest surgical procedure in recent years and is currently limited to small and medium-sized perforations that do not exceed 50% of the tympanic membrane area.