OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Escherichia coli gastroenteritis is a gastroenteritis caused by the pathogenic bacterium Escherichia coli (commonly known as E. coli). Under normal conditions, Escherichia coli is a major member of the normal intestinal flora of humans and animals and is not pathogenic. However, it can act as a conditional pathogen and cause extra-intestinal and intestinal infections when the body’s resistance is lowered or when it invades extra-intestinal tissues or organs. The Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea in humans are always called pathogenic Escherichia coli, and according to their pathogenesis, they can be divided into pathogenic Escherichia coli, virulent Escherichia coli, invasive Escherichia coli, hemorrhagic Escherichia coli, and aggregative Escherichia coli.
Whether medical insurance
Yes
Department
Gastroenterology, Infection, Pediatrics
Clinical symptoms
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, watery stools, etc.
Hazards
Massive vomiting and diarrhea may lead to obvious dehydration and acidosis, and even acute renal failure.
Complications
Electrolyte disturbance, acidosis, acute renal failure, shock, etc.
Examination
Physical examination, routine stool, bacterial culture of excreta.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made on the basis of history, diarrhea and laboratory tests.
Treatment principle
Correct dehydration and electrolyte disorders; anti-infection treatment.
Curability
Aggressive treatment may relieve symptoms.
Dietary recommendations
A light, easily digestible diet is recommended. Pay attention to dietary hygiene.
Etiology
Epidemiology
High incidence in tropical and subtropical areas, areas with poorer sanitation.
Etiology
Caused by Escherichia coli infection.
Transmission
Through food, water and close contact.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
1. Light-type usually without fever, with loss of appetite, diarrhea as the main manifestation, often yellow or green indigestion-like loose stools, mostly mixed with a small amount of foam, dilute soup-like stools, accompanied by abdominal distension, abdominal pain and nausea. 2. Medium-type may have a low-grade fever, with nausea and vomiting in addition to the light-type symptoms, and frequent diarrhea, mostly watery stools. 3. Heavy-type body temperature is irregular fever, often yellowish-green watery stools mixed with a small amount of mucus, may have a fishy smell, but also milk-colored or rice-soup-like stools, mostly nausea. 4. Mucus, may have a fishy odor, also see the milk color or rice soup-like stool, nausea and vomiting, infants and young children often have convulsions.
Diagnostic basis
1. History of unclean diet. 2. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, watery stools and other manifestations. 3. Routine examination of stools can find a large number of gram-negative bacteria, and culture can be seen in the growth of Escherichia coli. 4.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Only symptomatic treatment for mild symptoms, such as correcting dehydration and electrolyte disorders; anti-infective treatment.
Drug treatment
1. Symptomatic treatment is sufficient for mild symptoms, such as correcting water and electrolyte balance disorders. 2. Anti-infective treatment can be given to suspected bacteremia and severe cases with antibiotics and other drugs.
Prognosis
The prognosis is good if the disease is detected early and treated without serious complications.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Environment: keep the environment quiet and comfortable, reduce the adverse stimulation and psychological pressure on the patient. 2. Rest and exercise: rest reasonably, avoid overwork, and pay attention to the combination of work and rest. 3. Psychological care: encourage the patient to set up confidence, cope with the disease with a calm mind, and consciously cooperate with the treatment. 4. Skin care: when there are frequent defecation, the stimulation of feces can make the perianal skin damage, causing erosion and infection. 5. After defecation, warm water should be used to clean the perianal area, keep it clean and dry, protect the perianal skin, and promote the healing of the injury.
Diet
It is better to have a light, easy-to-digest diet and pay attention to dietary hygiene.