For rectal cancer of 2- 3cm, if the lower margin is less than 5cm from the anus, anal preservation is not possible; if the distance is more than 5cm, anal preservation surgery can be performed. The most important thing in the choice of surgical procedure for rectal cancer is the distance of the lower edge of the tumor from the anus. If the lower edge is less than 5cm from the anus, abdominal perineal resection (Miles surgery) is needed, which requires the resection of many tissues and organs including the anus, and it is not possible to preserve the anus, and a permanent stoma is made in the left lower abdomen. If the distance is greater than 5 cm, anal preservation surgery can be performed in the form of a low anterior resection (Dixon’s procedure), based on the principle that the distal part of the tumor is at least 2 cm from the margins of the incision. For certain patients with very poor general condition who cannot tolerate Miles surgery or acute bowel obstruction that prevents Dixon surgery, transabdominal rectal cancer resection with proximal stoma and distal closure can be performed. If diagnosed with rectal cancer, patients should choose the treatment plan according to the comprehensive analysis of actual condition and evaluation by professional doctors, and actively cooperate with the treatment to improve the quality of survival.