I. What is diabetes? Diabetes is a series of metabolic disorders such as protein, sugar, fat, water and electrolytes caused by genetic factors, environment and mental factors. The main factors that cause diabetes are genetic factors, obesity, poor diet, physical inactivity, autoimmunity, viral infection and mental factors. Diabetes can be divided into type I diabetes and type II diabetes. type I diabetes is mainly caused by autoimmune damage to beta cells, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency, with a prevalence rate of less than 10%. it is characterized by severe disease, rapid onset, and a tendency to ketoacidosis. young children and adolescents, and thinner people are prone to it. Type II diabetes is mainly caused by insulin resistance and insulin secretion defect. It is characterized by milder disease, slow onset, and rarely ketoacidosis, and is more frequent in obese people. The most typical symptoms of early diabetes are “three more and one less”, i.e. eating more, drinking more, urinating more and losing weight. Diabetes is not scary, what is scary is the complications. Diabetes can lead to diabetic foot, atherosclerosis, stroke, nerve damage, nephropathy, retinopathy, heart disease and so on. China has become the fastest growing region of diabetes worldwide, and has overtaken India to become the “number one country with diabetes”. Second, what should diabetics pay attention to? First of all, we need to know, what are the factors that determine health? Genetic factors account for 15%, social factors account for 10%, medical care 8%, climate 7%, self-care 60%. Secondly, we should develop a good lifestyle and diet routine, and do a good job of balanced nutrition. Third, we have to have a correct understanding of diabetes and other chronic diseases, but there are some misconceptions, such as: do not know how they get, anyway, far away from us; eat some junk food will not have a great impact, everyone is eating; drinking can not be helped, social needs. Third, diabetics how to eat more scientific? Diabetic dietary principles are first of all to control the total caloric intake, the intake of energy should not exceed the consumption of energy. Secondly, the diet should be balanced, and the ratio between the nutrients should be appropriate. Do not consume foods with high glycemic index, such as glucose, maltose, honey, white rice, white flour, fresh potatoes and fava beans, etc. As gluconeogenesis is enhanced in diabetic patients, protein consumption is increased and negative nitrogen balance is easy to occur, so use appropriate amount of food with high quality protein, such as lean meat, fish, milk, eggs and soybean products, etc. 1.2g/(kg.d) for adults, protein can reach or higher than 20% of total energy. When accompanied by renal insufficiency, protein intake should be limited. Third, use adequate vitamins and minerals. Supplementation with B vitamins (including vitamin B1, B2, PP, B12, etc.) can improve the neurological complications of patients. Fourth, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids. omega-3 fatty acids can lower triglyceride levels and also effectively prevent heart attacks and sudden death due to atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Fifth, supplement dietary fiber. Rich in dietary fiber has a better role in preventing diabetes, can effectively improve glucose metabolism, lower blood pressure, lower blood lipids and prevent constipation. In short, diabetics should pay attention to “eight more eight less”: staple food to more coarse less fine, side dishes to more vegetarian less meat, meat to more fish less meat, cooking to more steamed less fried, taste to more vinegar less salt, drinks to more water less alcohol and tobacco, diet more meals a small amount, life to move more less food.