Neuronal migration anomalies are abnormalities of the brain tissue that result from the blockage of the migration of adult neuronal cells from the embryonic germinal matrix to the surface of the brain during cortical development, including anencephaly-megalencephaly, gray matter heterotopia, cerebral fissure malformation, polymicrocephaly, hemimegalencephaly, and local cortical dysplasia. Each type has a specific etiology, pathological changes and imaging features. So, how should the differential diagnosis be made? The following are diagnostic methods for neuronal migration abnormalities: Epilepsy: a chronic disease in which sudden abnormal discharges of neurons in the brain cause transient brain dysfunction. And epileptic seizure (epileptic seizure) is a clinical phenomenon caused by abnormal and excessive hyper-synchronized discharge of brain neurons. It is characterized by sudden and transient symptoms, and has a variety of manifestations depending on the location of the abnormally discharged neurons in the brain. It can be motor-sensory or autonomic with or without changes in consciousness or level of alertness. Cerebral palsy: Cerebral palsy is a syndrome caused by damage or injury to the immature brain before birth, at birth, or within one month after birth, with movement and postural disorders as the main manifestations. It is basically synonymous with pediatric cerebral palsy. The lesions often damage the pyramidal tract and the extrapyramidal system. The disease is directly related to cerebral hypoxia, infection, trauma and hemorrhage, such as rubella, herpes zoster or toxoplasmosis in early pregnancy, severe infection in mid and late pregnancy, severe gestational hypertensive syndrome and pathological obstructed labor can cause neonatal cerebral palsy. Hypo-intelligence: It is a group of diseases that occur during the developmental period when the general intellectual function is significantly lower than the level of the same age, with the same amount of accompanying adaptive behavior defects. Intelligence quotient (IQ) is below 2.0 standard deviations from the population mean (the mean IQ value of the population is set at 100, and the IQ value of one standard deviation is 15), and a general IQ of 70 (or 75) or less is considered significantly below average intelligence. Adaptive behaviors include both personal life skills and the ability to perform social duties. The developmental period generally refers to the age of 18 years or younger. There are various names for mental retardation. In psychiatry, it is called “mental retardation”, “mental underdevelopment”, “mental deficiency”. In education and psychology, it is called “mental retardation” and “mental deficiency”. In pediatrics, it is called “mental retardation”, “mental retardation”, and “intellectual developmental disorder”. Special education schools are called “mental retardation” and “intellectual disability”.