A hard lump next to the anus that hurts when pressed may be caused by perianal abscess, warts, perianal inflammation. 1. Perianal abscess: Perianal abscess is an acute suppurative infectious disease that occurs around the anus, anal canal and rectum, and may be caused by anal fissure, hemorrhoids, sinusitis, etc. The patient will usually have a hard time urinating and defecating, and there are abscesses around the anus. 2. Condyloma acuminatum: Condyloma acuminatum is a sexually transmitted disease caused by human papillomavirus infection, usually caused by the patient’s personal hygiene, unhealthy personal habits, etc. The patient may have a foreign body sensation, pain, itching, etc., and at the same time, hard lumps and other manifestations. 3. Perianal inflammation: Perianal inflammation is a skin disease due to skin erosion, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, patients may experience symptoms such as skin flushing, itching and pain. If a hard lump grows next to the anus and hurts when pressed, it is recommended that the patient should go to the hospital in time for examination, clear diagnosis, and reasonable treatment under the guidance of professional doctors.