As the saying goes, a small disease that is not treated becomes a big disease, and many patients end up with irreversible functional damage because they did not undergo timely examination and treatment at an early stage. One of them is Mr. Chen from Yixing, who has been a diabetic for more than 10 years, but has not paid attention to eye examination. One day this year, he suddenly found that his right eye was floating with black shadows and blurred vision, so he came to our department and found a large amount of vitreous blood in his right eye, and the ultrasound showed that the local retina was detached. At this time, conservative treatment was not possible, and complicated surgery had to be performed, not to mention the physical pain and expensive surgery, and the recovery of vision after surgery was also very poor. Another woman, Ms. Wang, who also has a history of diabetes for 5 or 6 years, came to our department last year and had a fundoscopy, and the doctor suggested her to have laser treatment, but for various reasons she did not have the treatment. Both of these patients are diabetic patients and have developed eye complications called diabetic retinopathy. In recent years, with the improvement of people’s living standards, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year, and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy, as the most common eye complication in diabetic patients, has also increased significantly. The incidence of diabetic retinopathy increases with the duration of diabetes, and it has been reported that the incidence of diabetic retinopathy is 20-25% for those with 5 years of diabetes, 50-70% for 10 years, and over 95% after 15 years. In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, patients may have no obvious symptoms, some patients may feel blurred vision, and the progression of the disease is relatively slow at this time. However, after a certain degree of development, the disease enters the proliferative phase, and the disease will develop dramatically, and the vision will be even more significantly reduced, often leading to blindness due to serious complications such as vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment. Therefore, for a diabetic patient, we believe that we need to pay attention to the three early stages, namely early detection, early examination and early treatment. Early detection: Patients diagnosed with diabetes need to go to the ophthalmology department if they notice any recent loss of vision, blurred vision, or black dots floating in front of their eyes. Early detection: Patients who have the condition can go to the ophthalmology department for dilated fundus examination once they are diagnosed with diabetes. If there is no change in the fundus or if the lesion is mild, the patient can be followed up regularly, usually once every 3 to 6 months. If changes such as hemorrhage, exudation, or edema have been found in the fundus, fundus angiography will be performed to determine the severity of the lesion and decide whether laser treatment is needed. OCT and visual electrophysiology can also be performed to observe the degree of macular edema and retinal function damage. Early treatment: After fundus angiography, if a large non-perfused area or neovascularization is found on the retina, it means that fundus laser treatment is needed. Currently, fundus lasers have become a favorable weapon for doctors to fight with the disease for patients’ vision, and timely fundus laser treatment can largely slow down the progression of the disease and keep the rapidly deteriorating retinal lesions under control. Although the disease will continue to worsen in some patients after laser, more than 60% of patients can take this opportunity to preserve useful visual function, reduce the occurrence of serious complications such as vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment, avoid the pain of surgery, and reduce the risk of blindness. Our department has performed fundus laser treatment for more than a thousand diabetic patients in the past 10 years, with remarkable results. In addition, in addition to these three early, controlling blood sugar is still the key. High blood sugar will reduce the effect of treatment, so diabetic patients must also maintain the stability of blood sugar under the guidance of internal medicine doctors. At the same time, you can take some medications to protect the retinal blood vessels and improve microcirculation, keep your mood calm and happy, don’t get angry, and do some relaxing exercises appropriately.