The most traditional and conventional surgical approach for treating pediatric heart disease is the anterior median sternotomy. This approach provides good exposure of the heart and large blood vessels and allows the surgeon to directly and clearly visualize the surgical site. However, due to the large incision and bleeding, there is an increased risk of infection and secondary opening of the chest, and the obvious scarring of the wound can cause considerable psychological stress to the child; the bony stent of the thorax is destroyed, and the child may also develop a chicken chest after surgery. Compared with traditional median open-chest surgery, the characteristics of minimally invasive lateral incision include small and hidden incisions, less bleeding, avoidance of disrupting the continuity of the sternum, and less postoperative pain and faster recovery. The age of surgery can be from about 100 days after birth to adults, whose sternum is elastic and malleable, and the surgeon will have more room to operate, so it is most suitable. Minimally invasive lateral incision surgery is performed, and the child is given a combination of tracheal intubation and anesthesia. The child lies on his left side and a 6-8 cm long curved incision is made from the intersection of the posterior axillary line and the fifth intercostal space to the intersection of the anterior axillary line and the sixth intercostal space on his right side. By cannulating the ascending aorta and upper and lower vena cava, an extracorporeal blood circulation system is established and the child’s own heart circulation is blocked to correct the cardiac malformation. The deformity is corrected in the same way as in the median thoracic incision. After the operation, the child needs to be observed in the ICU for 1-2 days and is usually discharged in about a week after being transferred to the general ward. The small right lateral thoracic incision is narrow and deep, exposing a smaller area of the heart, and is generally only indicated for congenital heart diseases with simpler conditions: atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects. There has also been experience with its application to the correction of pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular outflow tract sparing and treatment of tetralogy of Fallot in China. However, for more complicated cases, such as combined pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, and arteriovenous ductus arteriosus, lateral incision surgery is not indicated. In addition, for patients over 15 years of age, the surgical operation will be more difficult due to their fixed thorax and deeper heart position, and should also be chosen with caution.