The pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis has not yet been clarified, and is currently thought to be related to genetic and environmentally induced immune factors. The main reason for the development of primary biliary cirrhosis is that autoimmune factors lead to bile duct epithelial cell damage, extensive proliferation causing intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic bile duct obstruction and persistent cholestasis. 1. Heredity: this disease is more common in middle-aged women, usually patients have family history or suffer from other types of immune system diseases such as bile duct epithelial cells abnormal expression caused by autoantigen specificity. 2. Environment: Environmental factors play a key role in breaking the immune tolerance of genetically susceptible individuals. Infections by pathogenic microorganisms, sex hormone replacement therapy, the use of poor quality nail polish and cosmetics, chronic smoking or living in toxic waste disposal stations may lead to dysregulation of autoimmune function or induce autoimmune reactions, which may ultimately result in bile duct injury. Taken together, autoimmune factors contribute to the development of primary biliary cirrhosis.