In recent years, epidemiological surveys have found that early gastric cancer confined to the mucosal layer has a low probability of lymphatic metastasis, thus making minimally invasive endoscopic resection treatment possible. With the continuous development of endoscopic diagnostic techniques, more and more early gastric cancers have been detected, and resection of early gastric cancers through endoscopic techniques has become possible, and it is also an ideal goal for all endoscopists. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a minimally invasive endoscopic resection technique developed by Japanese scholars, which can completely remove mucosal lesions >2 cm in diameter in one time, and can provide accurate pathological diagnosis of the surgical specimen, and has a low recurrence rate after surgery. It can be said that the endoscopic submucosal dissection endoscopic resection technique opens up a new pathway and expands the indications for endoscopic treatment, which fully reflects the superiority of minimally invasive treatment and is in line with the development direction of minimally invasive surgery. Compared with traditional open surgery, the advantages of gastrointestinal endoscopy are mainly reflected in the small trauma. Take the tumor of cardia and pylorus as an example, if it is an open surgery, the cardia and pylorus have to be removed and food reflux and obstruction will easily occur after surgery. With endoscopy, the quality of life of patients is greatly improved because the cardia and pylorus can be preserved while the tumor is precisely removed. The 5-year survival rate of early gastrointestinal tumors is over 95% after surgery. With early detection and treatment, patients’ life expectancy is basically unaffected.