Since Jacob first performed the first laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery in 1991, laparoscopic technology has developed rapidly in the treatment of colorectal cancer as technology advances and the concept of minimally invasive continues to gain popularity. Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery has many advantages: light postoperative pain, small and beautiful abdominal wall wound, shortened healing time, fast recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function, and few postoperative complications. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is more ideal than traditional surgery in terms of field exposure, and the surgical operation is more precise than open surgery, thus enabling the discovery of tiny lesions that cannot be detected by traditional open surgery, more thorough tumor clearance, and lowering the postoperative local recurrence rate of tumors. The operation is performed in a closed abdominal cavity, which avoids fluid loss and leakage caused by prolonged exposure of abdominal organs and reduces the chance of postoperative intestinal adhesions and obstruction. The technical feasibility and safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery have been fully confirmed by evidence-based medicine, and the recurrence and survival rates are not statistically different from those of open surgery in follow-up. In the near future, laparoscopic colorectal surgery will become the gold standard of colorectal tumor treatment. The laparoscopy has unique surgical advantages, the judgment of the lax tissue gap between the dirty and wall layers of peritoneum and the selection of access are more accurate, the sharp anatomical separation along the fascial gap with ultrasonic knife can more completely remove the rectal mesentery containing the dirty layer of fascia laparoscopy can reach the narrow small pelvis and magnify the local field of view, the identification and protection of the pelvic plexus are more accurate, the intraoperative bleeding is effectively reduced, the precise dissection is achieved, the intraoperative basically does not touch the tumor, and the lymphatic plexus is completed under the magnified field of view. The lymph node dissection can be completed under magnified view, which is more in line with the principle of tumor-free. Laparoscopic surgery is not recommended for those who cannot tolerate general anesthesia and laparoscopic surgery, those with a history of multiple open surgeries, those with tumor diameter >7 cm or extensive infiltration with surrounding tissues, and those with intestinal obstruction.