Coughing when encountering cold air is more likely to be caused by respiratory system diseases. Patients with acute pharyngitis, for example, can develop a cough when they encounter the stimulation of cold air because the pharynx is in a congested and edematous state and behaves in a more sensitive manner. Some patients with allergic cough, such as cough variant asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis, can also show that the pharynx or airways are in a more sensitive state and can cause coughing symptoms when stimulated by cold air. Therefore, laryngoscopy, allergen screening, as well as exhaled nitric oxide testing and bronchial excitation tests should be performed promptly to clarify the cause and provide targeted treatment.