Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease, is a common disease in Europe and the United States, but the incidence in Asia and China is currently increasing year by year. It mostly occurs in young and middle-aged people, with the greatest number of people aged 20 to 50. However, the cause of this disease is still unknown. The lesions of ulcerative colitis are mostly found in the sigmoid colon and rectum. The pathology is characterized by mucosal congestion and edema, erosions and small superficial ulcers. The clinical manifestations are predominantly chronic and recurrent, i.e., intermittent worsening of diarrhea, purulent stools, and lower abdominal pain. The onset is mostly associated with excessive fatigue, improper diet, and mental stress, and systemic infection is also a causative factor. Diagnosis is based on barium enema and e-colonoscopy. Treatment is based on dietary control and anti-inflammatory drugs. Diet should be based on easily digestible, low residue, less irritating and nutritious food, but dairy products such as milk are forbidden. The treatment medication can be salicylic acid azosulfapyridine or 5-aminosalicylic acid, usually 3 to 4 weeks to take effect, need to continue to take 1 to 2 years. Metronidazole can also be taken for treatment.