Peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis are effective means of replacement therapy for renal failure. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages and are suitable for different groups of people, and need to be chosen according to the specific situation of the kidney failure patient and the patient’s wishes. Hemodialysis is suitable for patients with renal failure who are critically ill and whose cardiac function is still stable and not suitable for peritoneal dialysis, and can rapidly filter water, electrolytes and metabolites from the blood. However, vascular access needs to be established, and the lack of effective anticoagulation can aggravate bleeding tendencies. Hemodialysis can affect hemodynamic stability, which is detrimental to patient reperfusion and maintenance of effective blood volume. The equipment required for hemodialysis is more expensive and costly. Peritoneal dialysis is indicated for patients with abnormal cardiovascular function. It has the advantage of not requiring anticoagulation, does not affect hemodynamic stability and does not require vascular access, and does not require high equipment requirements, but it is slower to remove water and electrolyte metabolites and can lead to intra-abdominal infection and leakage.