After puberty, various tissues of the human body will have degenerative changes, in which the intervertebral disc changes occur earlier, the main change is the dehydration of the nucleus pulposus, after dehydration, the intervertebral disc loses its normal elasticity and tension, and based on this, due to heavy trauma or repeated repeated injuries, resulting in weak or rupture of the annulus fibrosus, the nucleus pulposus is protruding from the place, entering the lumbar spinal canal, compressing or stimulating the nerve roots of the lower limbs, which causes varying degrees of pain or numbness of the lower limbs. Disseminated pain or numbness in the lower limbs, serious patients with claudication or loss of bowel control and partial muscle paralysis, patients completely or partially lose the ability to move and take care of themselves, the quality of life is seriously reduced, so we must pay attention to its early and systematic treatment. Patient symptoms, after the spine specialist’s physical examination and lumbar hyperextension, hyperextension X-ray, CT, MRI examination can be clear diagnosis of disc herniation, and at the same time, can determine the presence of lumbar instability and primary or secondary lumbar spinal stenosis diagnosis. Initial cases can be relieved or cured by resting on a hard bed for 5-7 days, supplemented by physiotherapy, light manipulation massage and reasonable medication, and wearing a suitable waist corset to perform functional rehabilitation exercises on the ground. Indications for surgery are: non-surgical treatment is ineffective or recurrence, the symptoms are more serious and affect the work and life, the symptoms of nerve damage are obvious and extensive, or even continue to deteriorate, it is suspected that the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc is completely ruptured and the nucleus pulposus fragments protruded into the vertebral canal, the central lumbar herniation of the lumbar disc has dysfunction of urinary and fecal functions, and the combination of obvious lumbar stenosis is basically lost the ability to walk. The main modalities are simple decompression surgery, decompression and fusion surgery, artificial lumbar disc implantation surgery, and transforaminal radiofrequency ablation surgery. PLIF, or posterior lumbar interbody fusion, is the gold standard surgery at home and abroad for the treatment of middle-aged and old-aged lumbar disc herniation combined with lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar instability including lumbar spondylolisthesis, and it has a high clinical cure rate of up to 95% and a very low recurrence rate, and therefore is favored by orthopedic surgeons all over the world, and we have been carrying out this kind of surgery for nearly one year and have achieved good curative effects. The basic steps are: total laminectomy and complete decompression of the diseased segment via lumbar back road, complete removal of intervertebral discs and upper and lower cartilage plates, implantation of Cage in the intervertebral space with appropriate height support and implantation of bone fusion structure, adequate bone grafting around the Cage in the intervertebral space, and fixation of unstable vertebral body by pedicle screws, and then the patient can go down to the ground in 3-5 days after the operation, and the symptoms are basically disappeared. In recent years, the surgical method of removing the intervertebral disc and implanting the artificial intervertebral disc with a movable unit to fix it in the upper and lower vertebrae has received more and more attention, and it has become the ideal of orthopedic surgeons to make the spine move in the 21st century, but there are still a lot of technical difficulties to be perfected.