I. Overview Brain tumor is a general term for primary or secondary neoplastic organisms in the skull, and is divided into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary brain tumors can occur in brain tissue, meninges, cerebral nerves, pituitary gland, blood vessels and embryonic residual tissues, etc. Secondary brain tumors refer to the metastasis of malignant tumors from other parts of the body or metastases formed by invasion into the skull. Intracranial tumor is one of the common diseases of central nervous system, accounting for 2% of the whole body tumors, with an annual prevalence rate of about 10/100,000 people, which can occur at any age, but most often at the age of 20-50. Tumors in the posterior cranial fossa and midline are more common in children, mainly medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma and ventricular canal tumor. The principle of treatment is to remove brain tumor completely and thoroughly as possible to achieve radical cure. Brain tumor can produce very complicated clinical symptoms, which are usually summarized into two categories: symptoms of increased intracranial pressure and local localization symptoms. In addition, some patients may have endocrine abnormal symptoms and so on. The intracranial symptoms, except for a few sudden stroke-like attacks, are generally progressive and gradually worsen. Headache, vomiting and optic disc edema are the three main symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, accompanied by mental disorders, dizziness, convulsions and abnormal changes in vital signs. Health education points (a) Pre-surgery health education 1. It is instructed that the fear of brain tumor patients not only comes from the threat of death, but also the indescribable worry, fear and anxiety. Different educational methods should be adopted according to the age, gender, cultural level and acceptance ability of patients and their families, to meet the needs of patients, to answer the inquiries of patients and their families carefully, to try to eliminate fear and reduce anxiety, to make patients have a stable state of mind and actively cooperate with treatment and care. 2. Cooperate with knowledge guidance. Inform patients with elective surgery to cut or shave their hair a few days before surgery, and check the scalp condition, if there are foci of infection such as folliculitis and boils, they should be treated early. Wash hair once a day 2 to 3 d before surgery. Shave the hair and wash the hair 1d before surgery, take a shower or bath as appropriate, cut finger (toe) nails and change underwear. Patients were instructed to start fasting at 24:00 pm the night before surgery and to empty their bowels in the morning of surgery. On the day of surgery, shave the hair again, disinfect the head and cover the sterile dressing, and wait in bed after injecting the pre-surgical medication to avoid falling. (B) Post-operative health education 1.Directions on lying position: 1 week after surgery is the peak period of cerebral edema, so the head of the bed must be elevated 15-30. to promote venous reflux. After awakening from anesthesia, if the blood pressure is above 100mmHg, the head should still be elevated to facilitate venous return. Those with low intracranial pressure should be placed in a flat or slightly lowered position with the head tilted to the healthy side to prevent asphyxia and aspiration pneumonia due to vomiting. If there is a large cranial defect or decompression of the bone flap, tell the patient to avoid compressing the side of the cranial defect to avoid ischemic necrosis of the skin and bone flap. Tell the patient to indicate the nurse to make appropriate adjustment if he/she feels uncomfortable with the head position, and if necessary, to pad with air bag or water bag to prevent the occurrence of pressure sores on the head and ear. 2, prevention of infection: postoperative intracranial infection is a serious complication, untimely treatment, poor surgical healing, postoperative private loosening of wound dressing is strictly prohibited, wound dressing should not be damp, hands should not scratch the wound, etc.; ensure that the wound dressing is clean, should be replaced in a timely manner when there is exudate, keep the drainage tube unobstructed, dumping drainage fluid should not be refluxed; closely monitor the patient’s body temperature, especially within 1 week after surgery, if there is ventricular drainage, closely observe Cerebrospinal fluid color, nature, amount, presence of flocculent material, etc., regular detection of cerebrospinal fluid biochemical and bacterial drug sensitivity test. This is a protective emotional response to the extreme fear of surgery and serious shock. Assist in observing changes in the condition. If the patient develops headache, vomiting, or neck tonicity, report to the doctor immediately. When the patient vomits frequently, the head should be tilted to the side to prevent accidental aspiration and keep the airway open. If the patient has epilepsy, observe the aura of seizure, make safety precautions and take anti-epileptic drugs on time. When the patient has ataxia, strengthen the diet, toileting, bathing and other life care, and pay attention to the protection of patients to prevent falls. 4, symptomatic care guidance: postoperative tracheal tube accidental detachment incidence of 3% to 10%, the patient’s anxiety and agitation is directly related to the detachment of the tube. Inform the patient of the need to restrain the patient’s arms and legs to prevent detubation, and obtain the understanding and cooperation of the patient and family members. Once the detachment of the cannula is detected, it should be reported to the medical staff immediately. As brain tumor patients are bedridden for a long time after surgery and their activities are reduced, instruct family members to assist in active and passive exercises of the lower limbs to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.