The consumption of cereals, vegetables, and dietary fiber is inversely proportional to the incidence of urinary stones. It has been suggested that in industrially developed countries, excessive intake of animal protein and table sugar and low intake of vegetables and dietary fiber is an important reason for the high incidence of urinary stones. Urinary calcium is generally lower in vegetarians. Treatment of hypercalciuria with rice bran and wheat bran (high fiber) is effective, especially for absorptive hypercalciuria, which can lead to a significant decrease in urinary calcium and play a role in preventing the recurrence of calcium-containing stones. On the other hand, vegetarian diets can increase urinary oxalate, especially spinach with high oxalate content, which should be taken into account when matching the diet. Dietary fiber intake is negatively correlated with the incidence of urinary stones, and its intake can inhibit the occurrence of urinary stones. The mechanisms of action are: 1) binding calcium in the intestinal canal; 2) reducing the evacuation time of the intestinal canal and changing the absorption environment of the intestine; 3) changing the responsiveness of the intestine to hormones; 4) low caloric content of fiber-rich foods. The combined result of these effects can reduce urinary oxalic acid, calcium and uric acid excretion, increase the amount of stone inhibitors in the urine, and inhibit stone formation. Therefore, the consumption of dietary fiber is beneficial, but care should be taken to avoid dietary fiber that is high in oxalic acid. Fruits, vegetables and algae contain more fiber and patients should be encouraged to consume them, but some vegetables and fruits have high oxalic acid content and should be avoided. Most fruits, juices and vegetables are alkaline foods that can lower the acidity of urine, which is most beneficial for patients with calcium oxalate and uric acid stones.