Natural fertilization The process of natural fertilization involves the discharge of the male partner’s semen into the female partner’s vagina, where a small percentage of sperm enter the uterine cavity after being screened by the acidic vaginal environment, immune cells and cervical mucus, and then travel through the fallopian tubes to meet and unite with the eggs discharged through the ovaries and picked up by the fallopian tube umbilicus to form a fertilized egg, which then moves through the fallopian tubes to the uterine cavity to complete embryo implantation. Artificial insemination The most common method of artificial insemination is intrauterine insemination (IUI), in which the male partner’s semen is processed to remove impurities and immune cells from the seminal plasma to increase the density of motile sperm and injected into the woman’s uterine cavity during ovulation. Its avoids the loss of sperm at the vagina and cervix. Artificial insemination by husband (AIH) is suitable for: mild oligospermia, weak sperm, or abnormal sperm liquefaction in the male partner; sexual dysfunction in the male partner; infertility due to cervical factors; immune infertility; or other unexplained infertility. Artificial insemination by donor insemination (AID) is mainly used when the male partner is azoospermic or the male partner suffers from severe genetic defects or genetic diseases. However, the use of AID presupposes that the female partner has at least one patent fallopian tube with a dominant follicle developing after a natural cycle or after simple ovulation-promoting medication. Its single cycle success rate is about 10-20%, close to natural conception, and costs about$1000-2000 per cycle. IVF In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET), the male partner’s semen is more delicately processed to remove the seminal plasma and screened for highly viable sperm, which is fertilized and developed into an oogenic embryo or blastocyst with the retrieved egg in an in vitro dish and then transferred into the female uterine cavity. The female’s eggs usually undergo controlled ovulation hypertrophy (COH), which means that GnRH-a is used to inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH by the pituitary gland in the body, and then ovulation-promoting drugs such as exogenous HMG or FSH are given to stimulate follicle growth and maturation, thus allowing multiple follicles to be obtained and multiple embryos to be formed in one cycle, increasing cost-effectiveness. It is mainly indicated for: tubal obstruction, hydrocele, or incompetence; severe endometriosis, adenomyosis; polycystic ovary syndrome, ovulation disorder; repeated ovulation failure; severe oligo-, oligo-, and teratozoospermia azoospermia in the male partner; or other unexplained infertility. The success rate of a single cycle is about 40-50%, and the cost is about 20-30,000 RMB per cycle. Summary In summary, we can conclude that there are differences in the population, operation method, success rate and cost between IUI and IVF, and which method is used to help the couple to conceive needs to be evaluated by a professional doctor and a plan will be made according to the specific situation.