Thoracolumbar vertebral fracture can cause local pain, impaired mobility, and even cause paralysis of the lower limbs, if the vertebral compression fracture is mild, it can be treated conservatively, but need to be bedridden for 3 months, and the serious cases need to be treated surgically, the usual method is to incise and fix the internal fixation, which is very traumatic and has a lot of bleeding, and there is the risk of infection of the incision and loosening of the fixation, and the bedridden time after the operation is still needed for 2-3 months, and it needs to be taken out in two phases. Internal fixation, percutaneous vertebral balloon dilatation angioplasty is a minimally invasive spinal surgical technique mainly applied to vertebral compression fracture of osteoporosis (indications include primary or metastatic invasive tumors of the vertebral body), which is effective in reducing pain, increasing vertebral strength, improving systemic symptoms, and even improving the kyphosis of the spine to a certain extent. Moreover, it is characterized by low complications and good long-term results of the surgery. The bone cement material used in the surgery is mainly percutaneous vertebral balloon dilatation angioplasty. Under local anesthesia with the help of C-arm guidance, a certain inner diameter trocar needle is inserted into the vertebral body through the anterior (cervical), lateral (thoracic) and pedicle (lumbar) of the vertebral body, and the balloon is dilated in advance to restore the height of the damaged vertebral body, and then injected into the bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate), and the bone cement is injected into the vertebral body. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is then injected into the vertebral body and distributed along the trabeculae to strengthen the vertebral body. The effective rate of postoperative analgesia reaches 70-90%. As the stability of the vertebral body is restored immediately, patients can often sit, stand and walk within 1-3 days. Postoperative hospitalization is usually required only for a few days, which not only reduces the economic burden of the patient, but also reduces the burden on the family and society. After the surgery, the patient’s pain and sitting, lying and walking functions are significantly improved immediately.