Ganciclovir is a commonly used antiviral therapy in clinical practice, mainly for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised patients, such as AIDS patients, oncology patients receiving chemotherapy, and organ transplant patients using immunosuppressive drugs. In terms of mechanism of action, ganciclovir can effectively inhibit the replication of cytomegalovirus, thus providing an antiviral function. It should be noted that in some preclinical studies, ganciclovir has been found to have some carcinogenic and teratogenic properties, as well as some effects on fertility. Special care must be taken when treating with ganciclovir, as some patients may experience leukopenia and thrombocytopenia.