Preoperative 1. Children should be accompanied by their parents during the consultation, so that the parents can understand the child’s condition and treatment plan, and obtain parental consent. 2.Questioning the child’s medical history in detail to find out whether he/she has any congenital diseases or developmental abnormalities. The treatment plan will be made according to the difficulty of tooth extraction. 3.To determine whether the child can cooperate with the treatment through verbal communication. 4, the resistance of children patients is reduced, such as the extraction of complex teeth, preoperative use of antibacterial drugs and analgesic drugs should be prophylactic. As the organs of children are not yet fully developed, the selection and dosage of drugs should be made according to their general condition and the difficulty of tooth extraction, and antibacterial drugs and analgesic drugs for children are usually chosen. 5, for children who are completely unable to cooperate with the treatment, it is best to complete the procedure under sedation. Laughing gas inhalation or intravenous injection is a commonly used sedation technique, which produces a slight inhibition of the child’s level of consciousness; during treatment, the child is able to maintain continuous voluntary whistling, with active protective reflexes, and responds accordingly to physical stimuli and verbal commands, with a rapid onset of effect and recovery. Intraoperative 1. Before injecting anesthesia drugs, surface anesthetics can be used to reduce the pain of needle insertion. It is better to choose anesthesia drugs that do not contain adrenaline, and reduce the amount according to age, weight and other discretion. 2. Use a fine needle for injection. When injecting, the needle should not be directed to the bone surface, because surface anesthesia only works on the mucosal surface, the periosteum on the surface of the alveolar bone is not anesthetized, and the periosteum is more sensitive to pain stimulation, and when the tip of the needle touches the periosteum, it will cause pain in the children, which will lead to failure to cooperate with the surgery. When injecting, the beveled surface of the needle presses the mucosal tissues, and slowly injects the anesthetic drug after seeing the whitening of the tissues, letting the anesthetic drug infiltrate for a few moments, and then rotating the needle while injecting the anesthetic drug, so that the children can complete the anesthetic drug injection unknowingly, and produce a sense of security and trust, which will help in the next treatment. 3.During the operation, the technique should be gentle and the movement should be fast, so as to reduce the treatment time of the child in the chair and complete the operation within the time that the child can bear. 4. When tooth extraction is difficult, surgical extraction may be used, but the child should be told not to be afraid of the sound produced by the instrument. The assistant should promptly remove saliva and blood from the child’s mouth to avoid choking. 5. During the operation, a child-type opening pad is used to assist the child to open his/her mouth, so as to avoid sudden closure of the mouth, which may lead to the damage of the surgical instruments to the surrounding soft tissues. 6, the child’s teeth are small and irregular in shape, the operation should use suitable instruments to hold the teeth firmly to avoid the dislocated teeth or roots slipping and falling into the pharyngeal cavity. 7. During the treatment, try to let the child adopt sitting or semi-sitting position, and avoid excessive head tilting to cause aspiration and pharyngeal mistake. When the head must be tilted back to expose the operation field when extracting maxillary ambulatory supernumerary teeth, the child’s head should be tilted to the side and a piece of gauze should be placed close to the pharynx to prevent aspiration and mispharyngealization. Postoperative After the treatment, inform the parents in detail about the postoperative precautions and the emergency treatment of possible adverse symptoms, and leave each other’s contact information, so as to promptly understand and deal with the children’s postoperative adverse reactions. If the child has postoperative symptoms such as pain, bleeding, swelling, etc., the first thing to do is to eliminate the family’s concern after understanding the child’s situation and guide the family to deal with it. 1. Children with postoperative pain can be treated with oral analgesic drugs or local cold compresses, and if necessary, the child can be allowed to eat cold drinks and other cold foods. If it is ulcerative pain, follow the doctor’s instructions oral antibacterial drugs for children, keep local clean, if necessary, can use ulcer paste. 2, postoperative bleeding is mostly due to the children can not independently cooperate with the biting tampon due, parents are advised to keep the children calm mentally, re-bite the tampon to stop the bleeding or parents to help the children to stop the bleeding by pressure. 3. Postoperative swelling is usually seen in complex tooth extraction. For children with insignificant swelling, cold compresses should be applied within 2d after surgery, and hot compresses should be applied after 2d. If the postoperative swelling is obvious, should be timely follow-up, close observation to avoid affecting the airway. If the local swelling is caused by allergic reaction, anti-allergic drugs such as prednisone should be used; if it is local hematoma, cold compresses should be applied and oral antimicrobial drugs should be taken to prevent infection; if it is infected swelling, antimicrobial drugs should be used systemically, and once abscess is formed, it should be incised and drained in time. 4, postoperative fever is mostly caused by the stress reaction of children’s immune system, the body temperature is lower than 38.5 ℃ when no treatment; body temperature is higher than 38.5 ℃, parents are advised to give children oral antipyretic drugs or physical cooling, pay attention to rest.