There is no mistake! Many people who see a headline like this think it’s claptrap or even consider it absurd. In fact, medicine has evolved beyond your imagination, although some things may seem unacceptable. To make sense of this, let’s start with the intestinal tract: the upper and lower ends of the human digestive tract are open to the outside world, and its internal communication with a number of organs, intestinal contents and the outside world and other organs are often material, energy or information exchange. Our intestinal tract is inhabited by a large number of microorganisms, its species and number of relatively stable and balanced, these microorganisms are interdependent, mutual restraint, to maintain a certain number and proportion, known as the normal bacterial flora, they are an indispensable part of the body’s internal environment, and most of them and the human body in the long process of synergistic evolution of the formation of symbiotic and win-win relationship. On the one hand, the human body selectively allows certain microorganisms to colonize the intestinal tract and provide a comfortable habitat for them, and their metabolic enzymes are close to each other; on the other hand, these microorganisms and their metabolites promote the perfection of the immune function of the intestinal mucosa and influence and participate in a variety of metabolic functions of the human body. The type and quantity of beneficial bacteria in the human intestinal tract can, to a certain extent, reflect the health status of the human body. The stability and balance of the intestinal flora of healthy people have a great impact on human nutrition, physiology and immune function, disease, aging, carcinogenesis and so on. Intestinal flora is beneficial to the human body in that it provides a variety of vitamins and other beneficial substances; secondly, it stimulates the development of the body’s immune organs and their functions, and has a biological antagonistic effect on exogenous invasive pathogenic bacteria. On the other hand, the metabolites produced by the intestinal flora, such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, amines, phenols, toxins and carcinogens, are harmful to the human body, but the body has various mechanisms for removing these harmful substances, and if these mechanisms are impaired, it can lead to the occurrence of various diseases. If there is an ecological imbalance in the balance between microorganisms, the human body and the external environment, it is called dysbiosis. When the body’s resistance is lowered, the intestinal mucosa has problems, harmful bacteria invade or their toxic metabolites are absorbed by the mucosa, it will lead to the occurrence of diseases, such as thin infants and young children, the elderly and frail, and those who suffer from acute and chronic diseases, as well as those who have been using a large number of broad-spectrum antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs, hormones, anti-tumor drugs and radiation therapy. Despite the rapid development of medical technology, there are still many problems in intestinal diseases that are difficult to solve, and the clinical treatment results are poor, such as long-term diarrhea caused by certain specific bacterial infections, intractable constipation, and inflammatory bowel disease. In the 1980s, there was actually a report that scientists in the United States used healthy human stool to treat intestinal diseases, but it did not attract widespread attention at that time. In recent years, with the increase in the incidence of intestinal diseases, scientists have come up with a more feasible way to cure diseases by eating healthy people’s “stool” (medical terminology known as “fecal transplantation”): they will be healthy volunteers’ feces after a special method of extraction into a special colloid. They extracted the feces from healthy volunteers and put it into special capsules, so that patients would not have trouble taking their medication because of the taste. It turns out that the main reason for the lack of attention was indeed due to the odor, which was difficult for patients to accept. The intestinal flora of patients with chronic diarrhea due to an intestinal infection with a specific bacterium (Clostridium difficile) is often dysbiotic after repeated antibiotic treatments. Scientists have used the technique of fecal flora transplantation to effectively treat this disease. Currently, the fecal flora transplantation technique is recognized as the most effective treatment for diarrhea caused by specific bacteria. In addition, persistent constipation and inflammatory bowel disease have also been used in the clinic, and have been proven to have better results in some patients.