OVERVIEW
Overview.
Cauliflower disease, or cauliflower acanthosis, is a presenting type of acanthosis. The first symptom is the appearance of slightly pointed papules, some of which are germinate. The papules increase in size rapidly and often become small finger-like projections, resembling cauliflowers.
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Department
Infectious diseases, dermatologic and venereal diseases.
Alias
Cauliflower warts
Clinical Symptoms
Starting as a papule with a slightly pointed tip, some of them are in the form of germination, and the papule grows rapidly after the occurrence of the papule. When the damage increases in size, it often appears as a number of small finger-like projections in the shape of cauliflowers. The color is mostly light red, and a few are bright red or grayish white.
Dangers
The disease is highly contagious, difficult to cure and recurrent, seriously affecting the health and life of patients.
Complications
Urinary tract infection, reproductive tract infection, malignant tumor, etc.
Examination
Physical examination, acetic acid white test, cytological examination, histopathological examination, immunological test, nucleic acid hybridization test, polymerase chain reaction and so on.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis can be made on the basis of the history of unclean sex or spousal infection, typical cauliflower-like lesions, and laboratory tests.
Treatment principle
Local medication is the main, also can be used cryotherapy, carbon dioxide laser treatment, large warts can be surgically removed.
Cure
Aggressive comprehensive treatment can remove warts lesions, but can recur.
Dietary advice
Enhance nutrition and eat more foods rich in protein and vitamins.
Important Reminder
If the patient has gonococcus, chlamydia, mycoplasma, trichomonas, mycobacteria and other pathogens infection at the same time, it should be treated at the same time.
Causes
Epidemiology
Mostly occurs in young and middle-aged people between the ages of 18 and 50.
Etiology
It is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.There are different subtypes of HPV. There are different subtypes of HPV, the most common ones causing warts are 6, 11, etc. HPV can easily survive and reproduce in the warm and humid conditions of the human body, so the external genitalia and the perianal area are the most susceptible areas for infection.
Transmission
It is mainly transmitted through sexual contact. A few can be infected through indirect contact or mother-to-child transmission.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
The incubation period is from 1 to 8 months, with an average of 3 months.
1. The damage is in the form of cauliflower-like protrusions, which can occur singly or in multiple, and some of them can be fused with each other to form a large mass.
2. The root often has a tip, and is prone to erosion and oozing, easy to bleed when touched.
3. There are often no conscious symptoms, and some patients may have a foreign body sensation, pain, itching or pain during sexual intercourse.
4. Genitals and perianal area are the most common parts of the genitals, which are mostly found in the prepuce, ligament, coronary groove, glans, urethra, penile body, perianal area, rectum and scrotum in men, and in labia majora and minora, posterior commissure, vestibule, clitoris, cervix and perianal area in women.
Other symptoms
Pain, blood in the stool, and a sense of urgency may occur with cauliflower disease that occurs in the rectum.
Diagnostic basis
1. Most patients have a history of unclean sex or spousal infection, and a few warts are infected through contact with contaminated utensils. Newborns can also be infected through the birth canal.
2. In the genitals or perianal and other moist parts of the papules, cauliflower-shaped, rough surface keratinization.
3. Positive acetic acid white test, nucleic acid hybridization can detect HPV-DNA related sequences, PCR can be seen specific HPV-DNA amplification zone.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Comprehensive treatment measures of chemotherapy, physiotherapy and causative therapy are used.
Drug treatment
1. Chemical drug treatment can use 0.5% tincture of onychomycetin, 5% imiquimod cream, 80%～90% trichloroacetic acid or dichloroacetic acid, and so on.
2. Immunotherapy can be used interferon intramuscular, subcutaneous and damage to the base of the injection, interleukin-2 subcutaneous or intramuscular injection, polymyosin cell intramuscular injection.
Surgery
Surgical treatment is suitable for huge warts, and the warts are removed in whole or in batches.
Other treatments
Cryotherapy, laser therapy, electrocautery, and aminoketovaleric acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT therapy) are available for treatment.
Prognosis
The prognosis is generally good after treatment. However, recurrence is possible regardless of the method of treatment.
Questions you may be concerned about
How to prevent cauliflower disease
Cauliflower disease, also known as condyloma acuminatum, is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by the human papilloma virus. Warts can be prevented by avoiding unclean sexual intercourse, not using public toiletries, and maintaining good lifestyle habits.
1. Avoid unclean sex: acromegaly is a sexually transmitted disease, the sexual partner if infected through sex may be transmitted to the spouse, so avoid unclean sex is an important aspect of the prevention of acromegaly.
2. not use public toiletries: avoid wearing other people’s underwear in daily life, do not use public bathtubs, toilet, do not swim in the swimming pool that is not strictly disinfected, and wash your hands before and after going to the toilet.
3. Maintain good habits: wash your private parts daily, and wash your underwear and other private items separately.
If you have warts, you should consult a doctor in time, complete the relevant examination and give targeted treatment under the guidance of the doctor.
Nursing
Daily care
1. Pay attention to hygiene, change underwear frequently, choose sweat-absorbent, moisture-absorbent, comfortable, soft, loose cotton underwear, keep the vulva clean and dry.
2. Disinfect used towels, pots and other daily necessities.
3. Combine work and rest, and exercise moderately.
4. Regular review.
Diet
Normal diet, reasonable combination, strengthen nutrition. Eat foods with high content of vitamins, proteins and trace elements to enhance immunity.
Other precautions
The patient’s spouse or sexual partner should be treated at the same time. Avoid sexual intercourse during treatment.