In addition to strict control of diabetes mellitus and the need for long-term adherence, various cardiovascular problems should be addressed early. Hypertension is quite common. When using drugs, attention should be paid to whether they affect the metabolism of sugar, fat, potassium, calcium, sodium, etc. For example, potassium-losing diuretics (thiazides) and calcium channel blockers can reduce the entry of potassium and calcium ions into the beta cells and inhibit insulin release, resulting in an increase in blood glucose; potassium-protective diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) can inhibit aldosterone secretion and reduce potassium excretion, which can easily lead to hyperkalemia in patients with renal insufficiency and hypertension. Beta-adrenergic blockers, whether selective or non-selective, can suppress hypoglycemic symptoms, raise blood triglycerides and lower HDL2-ch, and delay recovery from hypoglycemia in non-selective cases. Many antihypertensive drugs can also cause postural hypotension and positive fistula, so as not to induce myocardial infarction when hypoglycemia occurs, but ketosis can also induce the above-mentioned cardiac, cerebral and renal complications, which must be noted. In recent years, it has also been found that diabetic cardiomyopathy only has T-wave hypoplasia and inversion before the occurrence of severe heart failure and arrhythmia. Diabetes and hypertension should be strictly controlled early, and coenzyme Q10 and second-generation calcium channel blockers should be applied. 1-carnitine can improve myocardial function and can also be tried. Second, nephropathy Early control of diabetes mellitus, early lesions can be reversed. For the early stage of renal lesions, microalbuminuria period, with or without hypertension, the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) first or second generation drugs can reduce urinary albumin excretion, depending on blood pressure, captopril (captopril) 12, 5-25mg, 2-3 times/d or enalapril (enalapril) 5mg, 1 to 2 times/d Varies. In addition to urinary albumin, urinary transferrin and urinary endothelin excretion are significantly reduced, which is mainly due to the unique effect of ACEI on the circulation of the small renal units, dilating the small outflow arteries more than the small inlet arteries, thus reducing the intra-glomerular pressure and decreasing protein filtration. Early control of diabetic motor nerve conduction slowdown can be reversed to normal, but the sensory nerve is less effective. The efficacy of B vitamins, B12, B6, B1, B2, NAA, etc., has been tried in the past. Those with neuralgia can try carbamazepine (integratol) 0.2g per tablet 3 times/d for diabetes, which can temporarily relieve pain. Amitriptyline (amitriptyline) 30-50mg per night can be effective, and fluphenazine (fluphenazine) 0,5-2,0mg, 2-3 times/d, can be used in combination with amitriptyline. In recent years, the trial of inositol tablets, 2g / d in 2 oral doses, or with aldose reductase inhibitor (aldosereductaseinhibitor) sorbinil (sorbinil), tolrestat (tolrestat), statil, or with methyl vitamin B12 (methylcobalamine) treatment to achieve efficacy. The latter two are still under investigation. Retinopathy The basic treatment is early control of diabetes mellitus. If there is a lesion, you should seek medical attention without delay, so as not to delay the best time for treatment. V. Foot ulcers, commonly known as “diabetic foot”, are mainly caused by neuropathy and vascular disease of the lower extremities with local pressure and even injury. As with other chronic complications, prevention is more important than treatment. Patients should pay attention to the protection of the feet, wash the feet with warm water at 50-60℃ every day, use a soft towel to absorb the water between the toes to prevent the occurrence of ingrown toenails, if there is a callus timely treatment to avoid local pressure, injury, secondary infection. Socks should be soft and not broken or nails, shoes should be loose, check shoes for sharp and hard foreign objects before wearing them. Special insoles can also be used to reduce the pressure on the local protruding parts.