Chronic nephritis is a chronic disease with a long course that requires long-term medication; at the same time, the treatment plan for nephritis often involves immunosuppressive therapy, which can have relatively large toxic side effects if the drugs are not selected in a targeted manner. The treatment of chronic nephritis should be said to have made great progress in recent years, and one of the very important elements is the significant progress in renal pathology diagnosis. Through renal pathology biopsy, we can clarify the pathological type of most chronic nephritis and give targeted treatment, the efficacy is also more accurate and effective in comparison. It is recommended to go to a nephrology department with strong comprehensive strength to perform renal puncture biopsy, and then develop a targeted treatment plan after the specific pathological type of kidney disease is clarified.