Know about hypertension, control it, and prevent cardiovascular disease.
What is hypertension? What are the dangers of hypertension? How to control high blood pressure? If you know this, cardiovascular disease (stroke, coronary heart disease) may be far away from you. Unfortunately, the awareness rate of hypertension in our population is only 30.2%, the treatment rate is only 24.7%, and the control rate is only 6.1%, such a low “three rates”.
First, we need to know what is normal blood pressure and hypertension. Normal blood pressure refers to systolic blood pressure (high pressure) <120mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure (low pressure) <80mmHg. people in this range, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (mainly including stroke, coronary heart disease) is the lowest. Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. then between normal blood pressure and hypertension, that is, systolic blood pressure 120-139 mmHg, and diastolic blood pressure 80-89 mmHg is called normal high value, this range of people, the incidence of cardiovascular disease (mainly including stroke, coronary heart disease) is significantly higher than the normal blood pressure population, and the development of hypertension.
Secondly, we need to know what the dangers of hypertension are. In a word, hypertension is the most important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (mainly including stroke and coronary heart disease). And cardiovascular disease has become a major disease that threatens the health and life of the nation, with the highest morbidity, disability and mortality rates.
The risk of cardiovascular disease (mainly including stroke and coronary heart disease) increases continuously with the increase of blood pressure level in our population starting from 110/75 mmHg, compared with blood pressure <110/75 mmHg, the risk of cardiovascular disease increases 1 times when the blood pressure is 120-129/80-84 mmHg, and 2 times when the blood pressure is 140-149/90-94 mmHg. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases 2 times when the blood pressure is 140-149/90-94 mmHg, and 10 times when the blood pressure is >180/100 mmHg.
Therefore, controlling hypertension is a very important means to control cardiovascular disease.
Third, we need to know who is prone to hypertension, or what are the risk factors that lead to hypertension. How do we control these risk factors so as to prevent and control hypertension and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
1, overweight: Chinese adult body mass index (BMI) normal for 19-24kg/m2, ≥ 24 for overweight, ≥ 28 for obesity. bmi each increase of 3 kg/m2, the risk of hypertension within 4 years increased by 50-60%. bmi ≥ 24kg/m2 people suffering from hypertension is 3-4 times the risk of normal weight people. In addition, the risk of hypertension for men with waist circumference ≥85 cm and women with waist circumference ≥80 cm is 2.05 times higher than that for those with waist circumference below normal.
Therefore, weight loss is an important means of preventing hypertension. Weight loss is achieved by, on the one hand, a low-salt, low-fat diet and limiting excessive carbohydrate diet (such as sugar, rice, pasta, etc.) and, on the other hand, by increasing physical exercise, such as running, dancing, tai chi, aerobics, and other suitable exercise methods. Weight loss can also improve the health of the body and reduce the occurrence of many chronic diseases. The key to do “eat and drink in moderation, moderate activity”. Exercise intensity depends on the person, to not feel fatigue and physical discomfort, 3-5 times a week, 20-60 minutes each time.
2, alcohol: drink alcohol at least once a week for four years, the risk of hypertension increased by 40%. Therefore, do not drink alcohol or abstain from alcohol, or only appropriate to drink low alcohol, such as wine 2-3 taels per day, to help prevent hypertension.
3, dietary high sodium salt: dietary sodium salt intake and blood pressure levels were significantly correlated. Therefore, it is important to limit sodium intake. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that each person’s daily salt intake does not exceed 6g.
4, long-term psychological stress and depression is one of the important causes of hypertension and some other diseases. Therefore, to maintain a balanced psyche, we must learn to reduce stress, adjust the mentality, treat themselves, others and society correctly.
5, long-term smoking can raise high blood pressure. Therefore, do not smoke or quit smoking.
6, high fat content in the diet. Appropriately increase the poultry and fish that contain higher protein and less fat. Protein quality in order: milk, eggs, fish, shrimp, chicken, duck, pig, cattle, sheep, vegetable protein (of which beans are the best). Eat more vegetables and fruits.
How to take medication for hypertension?
1 .Principles.
(1) under the guidance of a doctor.
(2) Start with small doses, and adjust as appropriate if blood pressure does not reach a satisfactory level after 2 – 3 weeks of taking.
(3) As far as possible to use once a day long-acting preparations, so that blood pressure fluctuations are reduced, to better protect the heart, brain, kidneys and other organs.
(4) Do not stop taking it, do not stop taking it after normal blood pressure, blood pressure rises and then take antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure fluctuates up and down its more harmful.
(5) Gradually reduce to the target level within a few weeks.
(6) 80 years of age or older antihypertensive benefits have yet to be evaluated.
2.How long is the appropriate duration of antihypertensive treatment for hypertension?
Except for a few patients whose hypertension can be spontaneously relieved, the majority of patients have lifelong hypertension. After the blood pressure is normalized, if the antihypertensive drugs are discontinued, almost all patients’ blood pressure returns to the pre-treatment level or even higher. Therefore, hypertension is basically a lifelong drug treatment.
3, blood pressure lowering herbs.
Hooked vine, wild chrysanthemum, cornus, cassia, dandilion, panax notoginseng, kudzu, asparagus. You can choose 1 – 2 kinds, powder or brewing water for tea, 5 – 10g daily, corn beard available 15 – 20g. long-term adherence, you can benefit.
What are the things to note for blood pressure measurement?
1.Sit in a quiet room >5min.
2.Take at least 2 measurements with an interval of 1 – 2 minutes.
3.Measure both arms at the first consultation, whichever is higher side
4.A mercury column sphygmomanometer or an electronic sphygmomanometer that meets BHS or AAMI international standards and is cuffed (strapped to the upper arm).
5.No smoking, no coffee, no urination 30 minutes before the measurement.