Pregnancy is a special physiological process that women go through, usually from conception to delivery, which is 280 days, such as 28 days as a gestational month, and 10 gestational months or 40 weeks as a whole. Some hormones in a woman’s body can change significantly during pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic metabolic disease with a current prevalence of about 10% in China. There is a trend toward younger age of onset, with young people aged 20-40 years with type 2 diabetes, and some with type 1 diabetes. Many of these patients are facing the problem of marriage and childbirth. Some of them may be diagnosed with diabetes before pregnancy. Others find diabetes or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after pregnancy. Either the former or the latter hyperglycemia will adversely affect the pregnant woman and the fetus, and this is something we need to be concerned about and intervene. Foreign data, a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), says that the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the United States is as high as 9.2%, and there is no relevant data in China yet. Diabetes combined with pregnancy may still be a concern, so I won’t go into details here. But for some pregnant women who did not have diabetes before, what do we need to pay attention to after pregnancy? First of all, we need to know what are the common risk factors for gestational diabetes, such as whether there is a family history of diabetes, whether you are overweight or obese, whether you have an advanced pregnancy, whether you have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and so on. This is because early detection and treatment can be very beneficial to the prognosis of the pregnant woman and the fetus. What are the risks of gestational diabetes? There are 2 main aspects: one is for pregnant women: hypertension, placental abruption and obstructed labor can occur. Another data shows that the risk of GDM developing into type 2 diabetes in the next 5 to 10 years is significantly higher, that is, GDM is likely to become true type 2 diabetes. Therefore, GDM should be examined by OGTT at 6-12 weeks after delivery Secondly, for fetus: there can be abnormal intrauterine development, neonatal malformation, giant baby, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal respiratory distress, etc. How to detect and diagnose GDM in time is a very real problem. Due to the different understanding of the changes of maternal blood glucose during pregnancy and the limitations of the evidence of inquisitive medicine, the diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes are not exactly the same in different countries and international organizations and are still debated. However, all recommend screening for diabetes at the time of obstetrical examination, such as OGTT test with 75g glucose at 24-28 weeks of gestation in the absence of diabetes. At present, the diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes in China are as follows: all pregnant women perform 75g OGTT (glucose tolerance) test at 24-28 weeks of gestation: fasting blood glucose R5.1mmol/L, 1 hour after taking sugar R10mmol/L, 2 hours after taking sugar R8.5mmol/L, a blood glucose higher than the above criteria can be diagnosed as GDM. GDM blood glucose control target: fasting blood glucose Q5.3mmol/L, 2 hours after meal blood sugar Q6.7mmol/L, glycosylated hemoglobin below 6.0% Pre-pregnancy diabetes combined with pregnancy glycemic control target: premeal, bedtime and nighttime blood sugar 3.3-5.4mmol/L, 2 hours after meal blood sugar 5.4-7.1mmol/L, glycosylated hemoglobin <6.0% Pre-pregnancy glycemic control for diabetic patients preparing for pregnancy The goal: fasting blood glucose 3.9-6.5mmol/L, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose Q8.5mmol/L, glycosylated hemoglobin below 7.0%, preferably below 6.5%.